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In-Context Learning (ICL) enables transformer-based language models to adapt to new tasks by conditioning on demonstration examples. However, traditional example-driven in-context learning lacks explicit modules for knowledge retrieval and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Pan Chen , Shaohong Chen , Mark Wang , Shi Xuan Leong , Priscilla Fung , Varinia Bernales , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Despite the surprising few-shot performance of in-context learning (ICL), it is still a common practice to randomly sample examples to serve as context. This paper advocates a new principle for ICL: self-adaptive in-context learning. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Zhiyong Wu , Yaoxiang Wang , Jiacheng Ye , Lingpeng Kong

In-context learning (ICL) with Large Vision Models (LVMs) presents a promising avenue in medical image segmentation by reducing the reliance on extensive labeling. However, the ICL performance of LVMs highly depends on the choices of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chenwei Wu , David Restrepo , Zitao Shuai , Zhongming Liu , Liyue Shen

In this paper, by treating in-context learning (ICL) as a meta-optimization process, we explain why LLMs are sensitive to the order of ICL examples. This understanding leads us to the development of Batch-ICL, an effective, efficient, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Kaiyi Zhang , Ang Lv , Yuhan Chen , Hansen Ha , Tao Xu , Rui Yan

There has been increasing interest in exploring the capabilities of advanced large language models (LLMs) in the field of information extraction (IE), specifically focusing on tasks related to named entity recognition (NER) and relation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Ying Mo , Jiahao Liu , Jian Yang , Qifan Wang , Shun Zhang , Jingang Wang , Zhoujun Li

Video-based person recognition achieves robust identification by integrating face, body, and gait. However, current systems waste computational resources by processing all modalities with fixed heavyweight ensembles regardless of input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuyang Ji , Yixuan Shen , Kien Nguyen , Lifeng Zhou , Feng Liu

Relation extraction (RE) is an important task that aims to identify the relationships between entities in texts. While large language models (LLMs) have revealed remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capability for general zero and few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Guozheng Li , Peng Wang , Jiajun Liu , Yikai Guo , Ke Ji , Ziyu Shang , Zijie Xu

Large language models (LLMs) excel at few-shot in-context learning (ICL) -- learning from a few examples provided in context at inference, without any weight updates. Newly expanded context windows allow us to investigate ICL with hundreds…

In-context learning (ICL) is a powerful paradigm where large language models (LLMs) benefit from task demonstrations added to the prompt. Yet, selecting optimal demonstrations is not trivial, especially for complex or multi-modal tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Chuhong Mai , Ro-ee Tal , Thahir Mohamed

The primary way of building AI applications is shifting from training specialist models to prompting generalist models. A common practice for prompting generalist models, often referred to as in-context learning, is to append a few examples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Wangchunshu Zhou , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong in-context learning abilities, yet their effectiveness in text classification depends heavily on prompt design and incurs substantial computational cost. Conformal In-Context Learning (CICLe)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ippokratis Pantelidis , Korbinian Randl , Aron Henriksson

In-Context Learning (ICL) has gained prominence due to its ability to perform tasks without requiring extensive training data and its robustness to noisy labels. A typical ICL workflow involves selecting localized examples relevant to a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Janak Kapuriya , Manit Kaushik , Debasis Ganguly , Sumit Bhatia

Few-shot learning (FSL) is a central problem in meta-learning, where learners must efficiently learn from few labeled examples. Within FSL, feature pre-training has recently become an increasingly popular strategy to significantly improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Ruohan Wang , Isak Falk , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

The emergence of long-context large language models (LLMs) has enabled the use of hundreds, or even thousands, of demonstrations for in-context learning (ICL) - a previously impractical regime. This paper investigates whether traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Arjun R. Akula , Kazuma Hashimoto , Krishna Srinivasan , Aditi Chaudhary , Karthik Raman , Michael Bendersky

In-context learning (ICL) is the trending prompting strategy in the era of large language models (LLMs), where a few examples are demonstrated to evoke LLMs' power for a given task. How to select informative examples remains an open issue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chenming Tang , Zhixiang Wang , Yunfang Wu

Large language models (LLMs) using in-context learning (ICL) excel in many tasks without task-specific fine-tuning. However, demonstration selection and ordering greatly impact ICL effectiveness. Focus on this issue, we propose DemoShapley,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shan Xie , Man Luo , Chadly Daniel Stern , Mengnan Du , Lu Cheng

Meta-learning that uses implicit gradient have provided an exciting alternative to standard techniques which depend on the trajectory of the inner loop training. Implicit meta-learning (IML), however, require computing $2^{nd}$ order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Fady Rezk

We study the phenomenon of \textit{in-context learning} (ICL) exhibited by large language models, where they can adapt to a new learning task, given a handful of labeled examples, without any explicit parameter optimization. Our goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Jacob Abernethy , Alekh Agarwal , Teodor V. Marinov , Manfred K. Warmuth

While most existing works on LLM prompting techniques focus only on how to select a better set of data samples inside one single prompt input (In-Context Learning or ICL), why can not we design and leverage multiple prompts together to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bingsheng Yao , Guiming Chen , Ruishi Zou , Yuxuan Lu , Jiachen Li , Shao Zhang , Yisi Sang , Sijia Liu , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang

In this work, we address in-context learning (ICL) for the task of image segmentation, introducing a novel approach that adapts a modern Video Object Segmentation (VOS) technique for visual in-context learning. This adaptation is inspired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Thomas Foster , Ioana Croitoru , Robert Dorfman , Christoffer Edlund , Thomas Varsavsky , Jon Almazán
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