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Time series foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a popular paradigm for zero-shot multi-domain forecasting. FMs are trained on numerous diverse datasets and claim to be effective forecasters across multiple different time series domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 William Toner , Thomas L. Lee , Artjom Joosen , Rajkarn Singh , Martin Asenov

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have recently emerged as general-purpose forecasting models and show considerable potential for applications in energy systems. However, applications in critical infrastructure like power grids require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Matthias Hertel , Alexandra Nikoltchovska , Sebastian Pütz , Ralf Mikut , Benjamin Schäfer , Veit Hagenmeyer

Time series forecasting plays a crucial role in data mining, driving rapid advancements across numerous industries. With the emergence of large models, time series foundation models (TSFMs) have exhibited remarkable generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Huanyu Zhang , Chang Xu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Jiang Bian , Tieniu Tan

Financial time series forecasting presents significant challenges due to complex nonlinear relationships, temporal dependencies, variable interdependencies and limited data availability, particularly for tasks involving low-frequency data,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-11 Ben A. Marconi

Foundation models (FMs) have transformed natural language processing, but their success has not yet translated to time series forecasting. Existing time series foundation models (TSFMs), often based on transformer variants, struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Lars Graf , Thomas Ortner , Stanisław Woźniak , Angeliki Pantazi

Time-series forecasting is a challenging problem that traditionally requires specialized models custom-trained for the specific task at hand. Recently, inspired by the success of large language models, foundation models pre-trained on vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuanzhao Zhang , William Gilpin

The advancement of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) has been driven primarily by large-scale pre-training, but inference-time compute potential remains largely untapped. This work systematically investigates two questions: how do TSFMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ruijin Hua , Zichuan Liu , Kun Zhang , Yiyuan Yang

Tabular foundation models, particularly Prior-data Fitted Networks like TabPFN have emerged as the leading contender in a myriad of tasks ranging from data imputation to label prediction on the tabular data format surpassing the historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mayuka Jayawardhana , Nihal Sharma , Kazem Meidani , Bayan Bruss , Tom Goldstein , Doron Bergman

Forecasting state evolution of network systems, such as the spread of information on social networks, is significant for effective policy interventions and resource management. However, the underlying propagation dynamics constantly shift…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shihe Zhou , Ruikun Li , Huandong Wang , Yong Li

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have recently achieved strong zero-shot forecasting performance through large-scale pretraining and retrieval-augmented prediction. However, our empirical analysis reveals a non-trivial limitation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinjin Chi , Lei Feng , Lulu Zhang , Yongcheng Jing , Yiming Wang , Ximing Li , Jialie Shen , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao

High-quality wind power forecasting is crucial for the operation of modern power grids. However, prevailing data-driven paradigms either train a site-specific model which cannot generalize to other locations or rely on fine-tuning of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hang Fan , Yu Shi , Zongliang Fu , Shuo Chen , Wei Wei , Wei Xu , Jian Li

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Zijie Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Yan Guo , Ming Huang , Hui Xiong

Unlike natural language processing and computer vision, the development of Foundation Models (FMs) for time series forecasting is blocked due to data scarcity. While recent efforts are focused on building such FMs by unlocking the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qingxiang Liu , Xu Liu , Chenghao Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang

Time series forecasting is essential for operational intelligence in the hospitality industry, and particularly challenging in large-scale, distributed systems. This study evaluates the performance of statistical, machine learning (ML),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Issar Arab , Rodrigo Benitez

Accurate forecasting of electric load and renewable generation is essential for reliable and cost effective power system operations. Recent advances in transformer based and foundation machine learning models, driven by large scale…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge

This work investigates the zero-shot forecasting capability of time series foundation models for Leaf Area Index (LAI) forecasting in agricultural monitoring. Using the HiQ dataset (U.S., 2000-2022), we systematically compare statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Peining Zhang , Hongchen Qin , Haochen Zhang , Ziqi Guo , Guiling Wang , Jinbo Bi

Recent progress in foundation models has enabled strong zero-shot performance for time series forecasting. In this work, we show that such capabilities can also emerge from tabular foundation models. We introduce TabPFN-TS, a simple method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shi Bin Hoo , Samuel Müller , David Salinas , Frank Hutter

Multi-task and few-shot time series forecasting tasks are commonly encountered in scenarios such as the launch of new products in different cities. However, traditional time series forecasting methods suffer from insufficient historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Pengpeng Ouyang , Dong Chen , Tong Yang , Shuo Feng , Zhao Jin , Mingliang Xu

Existing data-driven approaches in modeling and predicting time series data include ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), Transformer-based models, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and TCN (Temporal Convolutional Network). These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Saroj Gopali , Bipin Chhetri , Deepika Giri , Sima Siami-Namini , Akbar Siami Namin

Accurate network-traffic forecasting enables proactive capacity planning and anomaly detection in Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. Recent advances in time-series foundation models (TSFMs) have demonstrated strong zero-shot and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Fan Liu , Behrooz Farkiani , Patrick Crowley