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State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as efficient alternatives to Transformers for sequential modeling, but their inability to leverage modality-specific features limits their performance in multi-modal pretraining. Here, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weixin Liang , Junhong Shen , Genghan Zhang , Ning Dong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Lili Yu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated the effectiveness of test-time scaling, where extended reasoning processes substantially enhance model performance. Despite this, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Sitong Zhao , Haotian Wang , Shuaiting Chen , Yunjie Ji , Yiping Peng , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li

Recent efficient sequence modeling methods such as Gated DeltaNet, TTT, and RWKV-7 have achieved performance improvements by supervising the recurrent memory management through Delta learning rule. Unlike previous state-space models (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jiaxi Hu , Yongqi Pan , Jusen Du , Disen Lan , Xiaqiang Tang , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang , Weigao Sun

When predicting the next token in a sequence, vanilla transformers compute attention over all previous tokens, resulting in quadratic scaling of compute with sequence length. State-space models compress the entire sequence of tokens into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yash Akhauri , Safeen Huda , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on reasoning benchmarks demonstrates their ability to solve compositional questions. However, little is known of whether these models engage in genuine logical reasoning or simply rely on implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Houman Mehrafarin , Arash Eshghi , Ioannis Konstas

Transformers have become increasingly popular for image super-resolution (SR) tasks due to their strong global context modeling capabilities. However, their quadratic computational complexity necessitates the use of window-based attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Aman Urumbekov , Zheng Chen

Token-free language models learn directly from raw bytes and remove the inductive bias of subword tokenization. Operating on bytes, however, results in significantly longer sequences. In this setting, standard autoregressive Transformers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Junxiong Wang , Tushaar Gangavarapu , Jing Nathan Yan , Alexander M. Rush

Mamba-based models have drawn much attention in offline RL. However, their selective mechanism often detrimental when key steps in RL sequences are omitted. To address these issues, we propose a simple yet effective structure, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Wall Kim , Chaeyoung Song , Hanul Kim

Large language models (LLMs) are expensive to deploy. Parameter sharing offers a possible path towards reducing their size and cost, but its effectiveness in modern LLMs remains fairly limited. In this work, we revisit "layer tying" as form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Sangmin Bae , Adam Fisch , Hrayr Harutyunyan , Ziwei Ji , Seungyeon Kim , Tal Schuster

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on thinking models that externalize intermediate steps and allocate extra test-time compute, with think-twice strategies showing that a deliberate second pass can elicit stronger reasoning. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yizhu Jiao , Jiaqi Zeng , Julien Veron Vialard , Oleksii Kuchaiev , Jiawei Han , Olivier Delalleau

Audio super-resolution aims to enhance low-resolution signals by creating high-frequency content. In this work, we modify the architecture of AERO (a state-of-the-art system for this task) for music super-resolution. SPecifically, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-13 Wallace Abreu , Luiz Wagner Pereira Biscainho

Recent advances in recurrent neural network architectures, such as Mamba and RWKV, have enabled RNNs to match or exceed the performance of equal-size transformers in terms of language modeling perplexity and downstream evaluations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Gonçalo Paulo , Thomas Marshall , Nora Belrose

Tiny Recursive Models (TRM) achieve strong results on reasoning tasks through iterative refinement of a shared network. We investigate whether these recursive mechanisms transfer to Quality Estimation (QE) for low-resource languages using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Umar Abubacar , Roman Bauer , Diptesh Kanojia

Linear Recurrent Neural Networks (LRNNs) such as Mamba, RWKV, GLA, mLSTM, and DeltaNet have emerged as efficient alternatives to Transformers for long sequences. However, both Transformers and LRNNs struggle to perform state-tracking, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Riccardo Grazzi , Julien Siems , Arber Zela , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter , Massimiliano Pontil

Sequential Recommenders have been widely applied in various online services, aiming to model users' dynamic interests from their sequential interactions. With users increasingly engaging with online platforms, vast amounts of lifelong user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jiyuan Yang , Yuanzi Li , Jingyu Zhao , Hanbing Wang , Muyang Ma , Jun Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Mengqi Zhang , Xin Xin , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren

Transformer-based embedding models suffer from quadratic computational and linear memory complexity, limiting their utility for long sequences. We propose recurrent architectures as an efficient alternative, introducing a vertically chunked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tobias Grantner , Emanuel Sallinger , Martin Flechl

Probabilistic State Space Models (SSMs) are essential for Reinforcement Learning (RL) from high-dimensional, partial information as they provide concise representations for control. Yet, they lack the computational efficiency of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Philipp Becker , Niklas Freymuth , Gerhard Neumann

The accelerated MRI reconstruction poses a challenging ill-posed inverse problem due to the significant undersampling in k-space. Deep neural networks, such as CNNs and ViTs, have shown substantial performance improvements for this task…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Yucong Meng , Zhiwei Yang , Zhijian Song , Yonghong Shi

Mamba's theoretical infinite-context potential is limited in practice when sequences far exceed training lengths. This work explores unlocking Mamba's long-context memory ability by a simple-yet-effective method, Recall with Reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Junyu Ma , Tianqing Fang , Zhisong Zhang , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model reasoning is frequently hindered by signal loss, a phenomenon where standard uniform sampling with small group sizes fails to uncover informative learning signals for difficult prompts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Wei Xiong , Chenlu Ye , Baohao Liao , Hanze Dong , Xinxing Xu , Christof Monz , Jiang Bian , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang