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For linear regression models with cross-section or panel data, it is natural to assume that the disturbances are clustered in two dimensions. However, the finite-sample properties of two-way cluster-robust tests and confidence intervals are…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-13 James G. MacKinnon , Morten Ørregaard Nielsen , Matthew D. Webb

We provide computationally attractive methods to obtain jackknife-based cluster-robust variance matrix estimators (CRVEs) for linear regression models estimated by least squares. We also propose several new variants of the wild cluster…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-14 James G. MacKinnon , Morten Ørregaard Nielsen , Matthew D. Webb

We study cluster-robust inference for logistic regression (logit) models. Inference based on the most commonly-used cluster-robust variance matrix estimator (CRVE) can be very unreliable. We study several alternatives. Conceptually the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-05 James G. MacKinnon , Morten Ørregaard Nielsen , Matthew D. Webb

Staggered adoption is a common approach for implementing healthcare interventions, where different units adopt the program at different times. Difference-in-differences (DiD) methods are frequently used to evaluate the effects of such…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-21 Ernesto Ulloa-Pérez , Elizabeth F. Bair , Amol S. Navathe , Kristin A. Linn

In cluster-randomized trials, generalized linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations have conventionally been the default analytic methods for estimating the average treatment effect as routine practice. However, recent…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-19 Fan Li , Jiaqi Tong , Xi Fang , Chao Cheng , Brennan C. Kahan , Bingkai Wang

In settings with few treated units, Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimators are not consistent, and are not generally asymptotically normal. This poses relevant challenges for inference. While there are inference methods that are valid…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-08 Luis Alvarez , Bruno Ferman

While a difference-in-differences (DID) design was originally developed with one pre- and one post-treatment period, data from additional pre-treatment periods are often available. How can researchers improve the DID design with such…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-14 Naoki Egami , Soichiro Yamauchi

Data clustering reduces the effective sample size from the number of observations towards the number of clusters. For instrumental variable models this reduced effective sample size makes the instruments more likely to be weak, in the sense…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-09 Johannes W. Ligtenberg

Resampling methods are especially well-suited to inference with estimators that provide only "black-box'' access. Jackknife is a form of resampling, widely used for bias correction and variance estimation, that is well-understood under…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Licong Lin , Fangzhou Su , Wenlong Mou , Peng Ding , Martin Wainwright

We propose the Sequential Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (Sequential SDiD) estimator for event studies with staggered treatment adoption, particularly when the parallel trends assumption fails. The method uses an iterative imputation…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-23 Dmitry Arkhangelsky , Aleksei Samkov

We study the implications of including many covariates in a first-step estimate entering a two-step estimation procedure. We find that a first order bias emerges when the number of \textit{included} covariates is "large" relative to the…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-07-27 Matias D. Cattaneo , Michael Jansson , Xinwei Ma

Modern statistical analysis often encounters datasets with large sizes. For these datasets, conventional estimation methods can hardly be used immediately because practitioners often suffer from limited computational resources. In most…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-14 Shuyuan Wu , Xuening Zhu , Hansheng Wang

We address the challenge of constructing valid confidence intervals and sets in problems of prediction across multiple environments. We investigate two types of coverage suitable for these problems, extending the jackknife and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-14 John C. Duchi , Suyash Gupta , Kuanhao Jiang , Pragya Sur

Resampling techniques have become increasingly popular for estimation of uncertainty in data collected via surveys. Survey data are also frequently subject to missing data which are often imputed. This note addresses the issue of using…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-27 Michael W. Robbins , Lane Burgette , Sebastian Bauhoff

We introduce a new Stata package called summclust that summarizes the cluster structure of the dataset for linear regression models with clustered disturbances. The key unit of observation for such a model is the cluster. We therefore…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-11-27 James G. MacKinnon , Morten Ørregaard Nielsen , Matthew D. Webb

Stepped wedge designs (SWDs) are increasingly used to evaluate longitudinal cluster-level interventions but pose substantial challenges for valid inference. Because crossover times are randomized, intervention effects are intrinsically…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Fan Xia , K. C. Gary Chan , Emily Voldal , Avi Kenny , Patrick J. Heagerty , James P. Hughes

Conformal inference, cross-validation+, and the jackknife+ are hold-out methods that can be combined with virtually any machine learning algorithm to construct prediction sets with guaranteed marginal coverage. In this paper, we develop…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-24 Yaniv Romano , Matteo Sesia , Emmanuel J. Candès

Difference-in-differences (DiD) is the most popular observational causal inference method in health policy, employed to evaluate the real-world impact of policies and programs. To estimate treatment effects, DiD relies on the "parallel…

Applications · Statistics 2024-08-09 Shuo Feng , Ishani Ganguli , Youjin Lee , John Poe , Andrew Ryan , Alyssa Bilinski

Deep learning models achieve high predictive accuracy across a broad spectrum of tasks, but rigorously quantifying their predictive uncertainty remains challenging. Usable estimates of predictive uncertainty should (1) cover the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Ahmed M. Alaa , Mihaela van der Schaar

Intelligent fault diagnosis has made extraordinary advancements currently. Nonetheless, few works tackle class-incremental learning for fault diagnosis under limited fault data, i.e., imbalanced and long-tailed fault diagnosis, which brings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Peng Peng , Hanrong Zhang , Mengxuan Li , Gongzhuang Peng , Hongwei Wang , Weiming Shen
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