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Related papers: Gaia2: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Dynamic and Asyn…

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Open-ended self-improving agents can autonomously modify their own structural designs to advance their capabilities and overcome the limits of pre-defined architectures, thus reducing reliance on human intervention. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaotian Weng , Antonis Antoniades , Deepak Nathani , Zhen Zhang , Xiao Pu , Xin Eric Wang

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly applied to complex strategic environments that demand long-horizon reasoning, multi-agent interaction, and decision-making under uncertainty. However, common existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenjie Tang , Yuan Zhou , Erqiang Xu , Keyan Cheng , Minne Li , Liquan Xiao

Robots excel in performing repetitive and precision-sensitive tasks in controlled environments such as warehouses and factories, but have not been yet extended to embodied AI agents providing assistance in household tasks. Inspired by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Ziang Liu , Roberto Martín-Martín , Fei Xia , Jiajun Wu , Li Fei-Fei

Current evaluation methods for large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on static benchmarks, presenting two major challenges: limited knowledge coverage and fixed difficulties that mismatch with the evaluated LLMs. These limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhichao Shi , Xuhui Jiang , Chengjin Xu , Cangli Yao , Shengjia Ma , Yinghan Shen , Zixuan Li , Jian Guo , Yuanzhuo Wang

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into high-stakes domains necessitates reliable safety and compliance evaluation. However, existing static benchmarks are ill-equipped to address the dynamic nature of AI risks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yixu Wang , Xin Wang , Yang Yao , Xinyuan Li , Xibang Yang , Yan Teng , Xingjun Ma , Yingchun Wang

Current blockchain Layer 2 solutions, including Optimism, Arbitrum, zkSync, and their derivatives, optimize for human-initiated financial transactions. Autonomous AI agents instead generate high-frequency, semantically rich service…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Anbang Ruan , Xing Zhang

The learning from practice paradigm is crucial for developing capable Agentic AI systems, yet it is severely hampered by inefficient experience generation, a bottleneck especially pronounced in complex benchmarks like GAIA. To address this,…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

AI agents deployed as persistent assistants must maintain correct beliefs as their information environment evolves. In practice, evidence is scattered across heterogeneous sources that often contradict one another, new information can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haonian Ji , Kaiwen Xiong , Siwei Han , Peng Xia , Shi Qiu , Yiyang Zhou , Jiaqi Liu , Jinlong Li , Bingzhou Li , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao

As agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) advance, improving performance in context understanding, tool usage, and long-horizon execution has become critical. However, existing agent frameworks and benchmarks provide limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Defei Xia , Bingfeng Pi , Shenbin Zhang , Song Hua , Yunfei Wei , Lei Zuo

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed the rise of autonomous AI agents capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in dynamic, open-ended environments. These large-model agents mark a paradigm shift from static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hang Su , Jun Luo , Chang Liu , Xiao Yang , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu

The advances made by Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the pursuit of LLM agents that can solve intricate, multi-step reasoning tasks. As with any research pursuit, benchmarking and evaluation are key corner stones to efficient and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Luca Gioacchini , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Kiril Gashteovski , David Friede , Roberto Bifulco , Carolin Lawrence

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive text generators to autonomous, goal-driven systems represents a fundamental shift in artificial intelligence. This chapter examines the emergence of agentic AI systems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nadia Sibai , Yara Ahmed , Serry Sibaee , Sawsan AlHalawani , Adel Ammar , Wadii Boulila

As AI agents proliferate across industries and applications, evaluating their performance based solely on infrastructural metrics such as latency, time-to-first-token, or token throughput is proving insufficient. These metrics fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Waseem AlShikh , Muayad Sayed Ali , Brian Kennedy , Dmytro Mozolevskyi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the development of AI agents that exhibit increasingly human-like behaviors, including planning, adaptation, and social dynamics across diverse, interactive, and open-ended…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-13 Lin Chen , Yunke Zhang , Jie Feng , Haoye Chai , Honglin Zhang , Bingbing Fan , Yibo Ma , Shiyuan Zhang , Nian Li , Tianhui Liu , Nicholas Sukiennik , Keyu Zhao , Yu Li , Ziyi Liu , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Persona agents, which are LLM agents conditioned to act according to an assigned persona, enable contextually rich and user aligned interactions across domains like education and healthcare. However, evaluating how faithfully these agents…

The evaluation of large language models is a complex task, in which several approaches have been proposed. The most common is the use of automated benchmarks in which LLMs have to answer multiple-choice questions of different topics.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Carlos Arriaga , Gonzalo Martínez , Eneko Sendin , Javier Conde , Pedro Reviriego

Lifelong learning is essential for intelligent agents operating in dynamic environments. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents, however, remain stateless and unable to accumulate or transfer knowledge over time. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , ZhongZhi Li , Yingying Zhang , Le Song , Qianli Ma

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

AI agents may soon become capable of autonomously completing valuable, long-horizon tasks in diverse domains. Current benchmarks either do not measure real-world tasks, or are not sufficiently difficult to meaningfully measure frontier…