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Understanding how large audio models represent music, and using that understanding to steer generation, is both challenging and underexplored. Inspired by mechanistic interpretability in language models, where direction vectors in…

Activation steering methods were shown to be effective in conditioning language model generation by additively intervening over models' intermediate representations. However, the evaluation of these techniques has so far been limited to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Daniel Scalena , Gabriele Sarti , Malvina Nissim

Audio editing involves the arbitrary manipulation of audio content through precise control. Although text-guided diffusion models have made significant advancements in text-to-audio generation, they still face challenges in finding a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Manjie Xu , Chenxing Li , Duzhen zhang , Dan Su , Wei Liang , Dong Yu

Precise control over language model generation is vital for ensuring both safety and reliability. Although prompt engineering and steering are commonly used to intervene in model behaviors, the vast number of parameters in models often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Mengru Wang , Ziwen Xu , Shengyu Mao , Shumin Deng , Zhaopeng Tu , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Deep generative models are now able to synthesize high-quality audio signals, shifting the critical aspect in their development from audio quality to control capabilities. Although text-to-music generation is getting largely adopted by the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Nils Demerlé , Philippe Esling , Guillaume Doras , David Genova

Audio editing plays a central role in VR/AR immersion, virtual conferencing, sound design, and other interactive media. However, recent generative audio editing models depend on template-like instruction formats and are restricted to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zitong Lan , Yiduo Hao , Mingmin Zhao

Activation steering offers a computationally efficient mechanism for controlling Large Language Models (LLMs) without fine-tuning. While effectively controlling target traits (e.g., persona), coherency degradation remains a major obstacle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yoshihiro Izawa , Gouki Minegishi , Koshi Eguchi , Sosuke Hosokawa , Kenjiro Taura

Despite rapid progress in video diffusion transformers, how their internal model signals can be leveraged with minimal overhead to enhance video generation quality remains underexplored. In this work, we study the role of Massive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Xianhang Cheng , Yujian Zheng , Zhenyu Xie , Tingting Liao , Hao Li

Activation steering controls language model behavior by adding directions to internal representations at inference time, but standard residual-stream steering can fail in stateful dialogue. We identify KV-cache contamination as a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Diancheng Kang , Zheyuan Liu , Ningshan Ma , Yue Huang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Activation steering methods control large language model (LLM) behavior by modifying internal activations at inference time. However, most existing activation steering methods rely on a fixed steering strength, leading to either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Arthur Vogels , Benjamin Wong , Yann Choho , Annabelle Blangero , Milan Bhan

The ability to follow instructions is crucial for numerous real-world applications of language models. In pursuit of deeper insights and more powerful capabilities, we derive instruction-specific vector representations from language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Alessandro Stolfo , Vidhisha Balachandran , Safoora Yousefi , Eric Horvitz , Besmira Nushi

We introduce SteeringDiffusion, a bottlenecked activation-level control interface for diffusion models that exposes a smooth, monotonic, and runtime-adjustable control surface over the content--style trade-off. Our method keeps the U-Net…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fangzheng Wu , Brian Summa

We propose a novel Neural Steering technique that adapts the target area of a spatial-aware multi-microphone sound source separation algorithm during inference without the necessity of retraining the deep neural network (DNN). To achieve…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Martin Strauss , Wolfgang Mack , María Luis Valero , Okan Köpüklü

Despite significant progress in alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that elicit harmful behaviors. Activation steering techniques offer a promising inference-time intervention approach, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

Text-to-image diffusion models achieve high visual fidelity but surprisingly exhibit systematic failures in numerical control when prompts specify explicit object counts. To address this limitation, we introduce ATHENA, a model-agnostic,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Mohammad Shahab Sepehri , Asal Mehradfar , Berk Tinaz , Salman Avestimehr , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Mechanistic interpretability seeks to understand the internal mechanisms of machine learning models, where localization -- identifying the important model components -- is a key step. Activation patching, also known as causal tracing or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Fred Zhang , Neel Nanda

We are witnessing a revolution in conditional image synthesis with the recent success of large scale text-to-image generation methods. This success also opens up new opportunities in controlling the generation and editing process using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Burak Can Biner , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Umur Berkay Karakaş , Duygu Ceylan , Erkut Erdem , Aykut Erdem

Despite significant advances in quality and complexity of the generations in text-to-image models, prompting does not always lead to the desired outputs. Controlling model behaviour by directly steering intermediate model activations has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Marta Aparicio Rodriguez , Xenia Miscouridou , Anastasia Borovykh

Novel diffusion models can synthesize photo-realistic images with integrated high-quality text. Surprisingly, we demonstrate through attention activation patching that only less than $1$% of diffusion models' parameters, all contained in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Łukasz Staniszewski , Bartosz Cywiński , Franziska Boenisch , Kamil Deja , Adam Dziedzic

Activation steering has emerged as a powerful method for guiding the behavior of generative models towards desired outcomes such as toxicity mitigation. However, most existing methods apply interventions uniformly across all inputs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Alex Ferrando , Xavier Suau , Jordi Gonzàlez , Pau Rodriguez
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