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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across diverse tasks, exhibiting emergent properties such as semantic prompt comprehension, In-Context Learning (ICL), and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Huazhen Lin , Wensen Ma , Houduo Qi , Defeng Sun

Large audio language models (LALMs) extend language understanding into the auditory domain, yet their ability to perform low-level listening, such as pitch and duration detection, remains underexplored. However, low-level listening is…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jaeyeon Kim , Heeseung Yun , Sang Hoon Woo , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Gunhee Kim

Audio large language models (Audio LLMs) demonstrate strong performance on speech understanding tasks, yet their ability to understand paralinguistic information remains limited. To systematically quantify this issue, we introduce…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiacheng Pang , Ashutosh Chaubey , Mohammad Soleymani

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in medicine has enabled impressive capabilities, yet a critical gap remains in their ability to perform systematic, transparent, and verifiable reasoning, a cornerstone of clinical practice.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Wenxuan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Meidan Ding , Shiyi Zheng , Shengyuan Liu , Jie Liu , Jiaming Ji , Wenting Chen , Xiang Li , Linlin Shen , Yixuan Yuan

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Large Audio Language Models (LALM) combine the audio perception models and the Large Language Models (LLM) and show a remarkable ability to reason about the input audio, infer the meaning, and understand the intent. However, these systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Saurabhchand Bhati , Yuan Gong , Leonid Karlinsky , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have garnered significant research interest. Despite being built upon text-based large language models (LLMs), LALMs frequently exhibit a degradation in knowledge and reasoning capabilities. We…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of reasoning tasks. Recent methods have further improved LLM performance in complex mathematical reasoning. However, when extending these methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Chen He , Xun Jiang , Lei Wang , Hao Yang , Chong Peng , Peng Yan , Fumin Shen , Xing Xu

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) to understand audio -- including non-speech sounds and non-verbal speech -- is critically important for diverse real-world applications of LLMs. In this paper, we propose Audio Flamingo, a novel audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhifeng Kong , Arushi Goel , Rohan Badlani , Wei Ping , Rafael Valle , Bryan Catanzaro

Connecting audio encoders with large language models (LLMs) allows the LLM to perform various audio understanding tasks, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and audio captioning (AC). Most research focuses on training an adapter…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Weiqiao Shan , Yuang Li , Yuhao Zhang , Yingfeng Luo , Chen Xu , Xiaofeng Zhao , Long Meng , Yunfei Lu , Min Zhang , Hao Yang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Understanding emotion from speech requires sensitivity to both lexical and acoustic cues. However, it remains unclear whether large audio language models (LALMs) genuinely process acoustic information or rely primarily on lexical content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jingyi Chen , Zhimeng Guo , Jiyun Chun , Pichao Wang , Andrew Perrault , Micha Elsner

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have shown strong performance in speech understanding, making speech a natural interface for accessing factual information. Yet they are trained on static corpora and may encode incorrect facts. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sung Kyun Chung , Jiaheng Dong , Qiuchi Hu , Gongping Huang , Hong Jia , Ting Dang

Recent advances in speech large language models (speech LLMs) have enabled seamless spoken interactions, but these systems still struggle with complex reasoning tasks. Previously, chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting or fine-tuning has been to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yi-Jen Shih , Desh Raj , Chunyang Wu , Wei Zhou , SK Bong , Yashesh Gaur , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli , Mike Seltzer

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) enable general audio understanding and demonstrate remarkable performance across various audio tasks. However, these models still face challenges in temporal perception (e.g., inferring event onset and…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yanfeng Shi , Pengfei Cai , Jun Liu , Qing Gu , Nan Jiang , Lirong Dai , Ian McLoughlin , Yan Song

Emotion understanding is critical for making Large Language Models (LLMs) more general, reliable, and aligned with humans. Art conveys emotion through the joint design of visual and auditory elements, yet most prior work is human-centered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dengming Zhang , Weitao You , Jingxiong Li , Weishen Lin , Wenda Shi , Xue Zhao , Heda Zuo , Junxian Wu , Lingyun Sun

Large audio language models (LALMs) process both speech and environmental acoustic cues, yet struggle to retain non-speech information across multi-turn interactions. The performance gap between semantic (speech) and acoustic (non-speech)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Yang Xiao , Siyi Wang , Han Yin , Hong Jia , Vidhyasaharan Sethu , Eun-Jung Holden , Ting Dang

Recent Audio Large Language Models (AudioLLMs) exhibit a striking performance inversion: while excelling at complex reasoning tasks, they consistently underperform on fine-grained acoustic perception. We attribute this gap to a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Linhao Zhang , Yuhan Song , Aiwei Liu , Chuhan Wu , Sijun Zhang , Wei Jia , Yuan Liu , Houfeng Wang , Xiao Zhou

Recent advancements in large audio language models (LALMs) have demonstrated impressive results and promising prospects in universal understanding and reasoning across speech, music, and general sound. However, these models still lack the…

LLMs have fundamentally transformed dense retrieval, upgrading backbones from discriminative encoders to generative architectures. However, a critical disconnect remains: while LLMs possess strong reasoning capabilities, current retrievers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiajie Jin , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Automatic mean opinion score (MOS) prediction provides a more perceptual alternative to objective metrics, offering deeper insights into the evaluated models. With the rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yuhang Jia , Xu Zhang , Yang Chen , Hui Wang , Enzhi Wang , Yong Qin