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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two spatially separated parties to securely generate a cryptographic key. The first QKD protocol, published by C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard in 1984 (BB84), describes how this is achieved by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-13 Olli Ahonen

We report on a complete experimental implementation of a quantum key distribution protocol through a free space link using polarization-entangled photon pairs from a compact parametric down-conversion source. Over 10 hours of uninterrupted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ivan Marcikic , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

This paper presents a novel hybrid Quantum Key Distribution ,QKD, protocol that combines entanglement based and non entanglement based approaches to optimize security and the number of generated keys. We introduce a dynamic system that…

Entanglement-based networks (EBNs) enable general-purpose quantum communication by combining entanglement and its swapping in a sequence that addresses the challenges of achieving long distance communication with high fidelity associated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 David Pérez Castro , Juan Fernández-Herrerín , Ana Fernández-Vilas , Manuel Fernández-Veigaa , Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo

A detailled analysis of quantum key distribution employing entangled states is presented. We tested a system based on photon pairs entangled in energy-time optimized for long distance transmission. It is based on a Franson type set-up for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Gregoire Ribordy , Juergen Brendel , Jean-Daniel Gautier , Nicolas Gisin , Hugo Zbinden

In this paper, we investigate the optimization of global quantum communication through satellite constellations. We address the challenge of quantum key distribution (QKD) across vast distances and the limitations posed by terrestrial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Yichen Gao , Guanqun Song , Ting Zhu

Due to the capability of tolerating high error rate and generating more key bits per trial, high-dimensional quantum key distribution attracts wide interest. Despite great progresses in high-dimensional quantum key distribution, there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Rong Wang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Hang Liu , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Cryptographic key exchange protocols traditionally rely on computational conjectures such as the hardness of prime factorisation to provide security against eavesdropping attacks. Remarkably, quantum key distribution protocols like the one…

Using an experimental setup that simulates a turbulent atmosphere, we study the secret key rate for quantum key distribution protocols in orbital angular momentum based free space quantum communication. The quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Sandeep Goyal , Alpha Hamadou Ibrahim , Filippus S. Roux , Thomas Konrad , Andrew Forbes

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network is an infrastructure that allows the realization of the key distribution cryptographic primitive over long distances and at high rates with information-theoretic security. In this work, we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-30 Romain Alleaume , Francois Roueff , Eleni Diamanti , Norbert Lutkenhaus

Technological realities limit terrestrial quantum key distribution (QKD) to single-link distances of a few hundred kilometers. One promising avenue for global-scale quantum communication networks is to use low-Earth-orbit satellites. Here…

The realization of a global quantum network holds the potential to enable groundbreaking applications such as secure quantum communication and blind quantum computing. However, building such a network remains a formidable challenge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Jia-Wei Ji , Shinichi Sunami , Seigo Kikura , Akihisa Goban , Christoph Simon

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an emerging cryptographic method designed for secure key sharing. Its security is theoretically guaranteed by fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, making it a leading candidate for future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Chia-Tso Lai

We study information theoretical security for space links between a satellite and a ground-station. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a well established method for information theoretical secure communication, giving the eavesdropper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 A. Vazquez-Castro , D. Rusca , H. Zbinden

With the rise of quantum technologies, data security increasingly relies on quantum cryptography and its most notable application, quantum key distribution (QKD). Yet, current technological limitations, in particular, the unavailability of…

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol describes how two remote parties can establish a secret key by communicating over a quantum and a public classical channel that both can be accessed by an eavesdropper. QKD protocols using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Esmaeil Karimi , Emina Soljanin , Philip Whiting

While quantum key distribution (QKD) based on two-dimensional (qubit) encoding is a mature, field-tested technology, its performance is lacking for many cryptographic applications. High-dimensional encoding for QKD enables increased…

For secure practical systems, quantum key distribution (QKD) must provide high key rates over long distances. Time-entanglement-based QKD promises to increase the secret key rate and distribution distances compared to other QKD…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Lara Dolecek , Emina Soljanin

We present a detailed security analysis of a d-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on two and three mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) both in an asymptotic and finite key length scenario. The finite secret key rates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-21 Kamil Bradler , Mohammad Mirhosseini , Robert Fickler , Anne Broadbent , Robert Boyd