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O-RAN establishes an advanced radio access network (RAN) architecture that supports inter-operable, multi-vendor, and artificial intelligence (AI) controlled wireless access networks. The unique components, interfaces, and technologies of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Aly Sabri Abdalla , Vuk Marojevic

Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has become an important paradigm for 5G and beyond radio access networks. This paper presents an xApp called xSlice for the Near-Real-Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) of 5G O-RANs. xSlice is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Peihao Yan , Jie Lu , Huacheng Zeng , Y. Thomas Hou

Dynamic resource allocation in open radio access network (O-RAN) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) presents a complex optimisation challenge under varying user loads. We propose a near-real-time RAN intelligent controller (Near-RT RIC) xApp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oluwaseyi Giwa , Jonathan Shock , Jaco Du Toit , Tobi Awodumila

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) marks a significant shift in the mobile network industry. By transforming a traditionally vertically integrated architecture into an open, data-driven one, O-RAN promises to enhance operational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Dang Kien Nguyen , Rim El Malki , Filippo Rebecchi

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) enable the disaggregation of radio access functions and the deployment of control applications across different timescales. However, designing interoperable control schemes that jointly exploit long-term…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Anastasios Giannopoulos , Sotirios Spantideas , Maria Lamprini Bartsioka , Panagiotis Trakadas

6G networks will require quantum-secure cryptography deployed across core infrastructure, edge nodes, resource-constrained IoT devices. Although post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms have been standardized by NIST, their practical…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ananya Kudaloor , Adnan Aijaz

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN)-compliant solutions lack crucial details to perform effective control loops at multiple time scales. In this vein, we propose ORANUS, an O-RAN-compliant mathematical framework to allocate radio…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa , Lanfranco Zanzi , Vincenzo Sciancalepore , Andres Garcia-Saavedra , Xavier Costa-Pérez

This paper introduces a proactive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mobility management xApp for Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Near Real-Time Radio Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC) environments, employing Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Ali Zaidi , Aubida A. Al-Hameed , Abdelaziz Salama , Des Mclernon

The growing demand for high-speed, ultra-reliable, and low-latency communications in 5G and beyond networks has significantly driven up power consumption, particularly within the Radio Access Network (RAN). This surge in energy demand poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Yi Chu , Gurdeep Singh , Charles Turyagyenda , Dritan Kaleshi , David Grace , Hamed Ahmadi

5G networks provide low-latency, high throughput, and massive connectivity, yet the control plane remains exposed to several security threats. Among the most common and impactful threats are Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, with Radio…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Noemi Giustini , Andrea Lacava , Leonardo Bonati , Stefano Maxenti , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia , Francesca Cuomo

The ongoing transformation of mobile networks from proprietary physical network boxes to virtualized functions and deployment models has led to more scalable and flexible network architectures capable of adapting to specific use cases. As…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-23 Tolga O. Atalay , Sudip Maitra , Dragoslav Stojadinovic , Angelos Stavrou , Haining Wang

The goal of Next-Generation Networks is to improve upon the current networking paradigm, especially in providing higher data rates, near-real-time latencies, and near-perfect quality of service. However, existing radio access network (RAN)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Ibrahim Tamim , Sam Aleyadeh , Abdallah Shami

O-RAN (Open-Radio Access Network) offers a flexible, open architecture for next-generation wireless networks. Network slicing within O-RAN allows network operators to create customized virtual networks, each tailored to meet the specific…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Sihem Bakri , Indrakshi Dey , Harun Siljak , Marco Ruffini , Nicola Marchetti

In this work, we present an experimental deployment of a new design for combined quantum key distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Novel to our system is the dynamic obfuscation of the QKD-PQC sequence of operations, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Aman Gupta , Ravi Singh Adhikari , Robert Malaney

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a promising RAN architecture, aimed at reshaping the RAN industry toward an open, adaptive, and intelligent RAN. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive security analysis of Open Radio Access…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Dudu Mimran , Ron Bitton , Yehonatan Kfir , Eitan Klevansky , Oleg Brodt , Heiko Lehmann , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

The heterogeneous cloud radio access network (HCRAN) is a promising paradigm which integrates the advantages of cloud radio access network (C-RAN) and heterogeneous network (HetNet). In this paper, we study the joint congestion control and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Jian Li , Mugen Peng , Yuling Yu , Zhiguo Ding

In mobile networks, Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) provides a framework for implementing network slicing that interacts with the resources at the lower layers. Both monitoring and Radio Access Network (RAN) control is feasible for both 4G…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Andreas Casparsen , Beatriz Soret , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski

Open RAN (O-RAN) exposes rich control and telemetry interfaces across the Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, and distributed units, but also makes it harder to operate multi-tenant, multi-objective RANs in a safe and auditable manner. In parallel,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhizhou He , Yang Luo , Xinkai Liu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Merouane Debbah , Rahim Tafazolli

Despite recommendations to deploy real-time Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) applications (dApps) in containerized environments, existing approaches predominantly rely on bare-metal servers. Moreover, current dApp deployments offer limited…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Conrado Boeira , Eduardo Baena , Andrea Lacava , Tommaso Melodia , Dimitrios Koutsonikolas , Israat Haque

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has introduced an emerging RAN architecture that enables openness, intelligence, and automated control. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) provides the platform to design and deploy RAN controllers. xApps…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Vuk Marojevic