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Traditional agentic workflows rely on external prompts to manage interactions with tools and the environment, which limits the autonomy of reasoning models. We position \emph{Large Agent Models (LAMs)} that internalize the generation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yuxiang Zhang , Yuqi Yang , Jiangming Shu , Xinyan Wen , Jitao Sang

We investigate the spatial distribution and the global frequency of agents who can either cooperate or defect. The agent interaction is described by a deterministic, non-iterated prisoner's dilemma game, further each agent only locally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank Schweitzer , Laxmidhar Behera , Heinz Muehlenbein

The Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) deals with the cooperation/defection conflict between two agents. The agents are represented by a cell of $L \times L$ square lattice. The agents are initially randomly distributed according to a certain…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ricardo Oliveira dos Santos Soares , Alexandre Souto Martinez

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a prominent paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to tackle complex tasks. However, the mechanisms governing the effectiveness of MAS built upon publicly available LLMs, specifically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuxuan Zhao , Sijia Chen , Ningxin Su

Multi-agent systems provide a powerful way to extend large language models (LLMs) by decomposing a complex task into specialized subtasks handled by different agents. However, their performance is often hindered by error propagation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zheng Wang , Yuang Liu , Yangkai Ding

As LLM-based agents become increasingly autonomous and will more freely interact with each other, studying the interplay among them becomes crucial to anticipate emergent phenomena and potential risks. In this work, we provide an in-depth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Gian Maria Campedelli , Nicolò Penzo , Massimo Stefan , Roberto Dessì , Marco Guerini , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano

This study proposes Tool-RoCo, a novel benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in long-term multi-agent cooperation based on RoCo, a multi-robot cooperative benchmark. Recent research on LLM-based multi-agent systems has…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ke Zhang , Xiaoning Zhao , Ce Zheng , Jiahong Ning , Dandan Zhu , Wenqi Zhang , Chen Sun , Toshiharu Sugawara

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities as autonomous agents, yet existing benchmarks either focus on single-agent tasks or are confined to narrow domains, failing to capture the dynamics of multi-agent coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Hongyi Du , Zhaochen Hong , Xiaocheng Yang , Shuyi Guo , Zhe Wang , Zhenhailong Wang , Cheng Qian , Xiangru Tang , Heng Ji , Jiaxuan You

Multi-agent coordination studies the underlying mechanism enabling the trending spread of diverse multi-agent systems (MAS) and has received increasing attention, driven by the expansion of emerging applications and rapid AI advances. This…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Lijun Sun , Yijun Yang , Qiqi Duan , Yuhui Shi , Chao Lyu , Yu-Cheng Chang , Chin-Teng Lin , Yang Shen

Multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems have emerged as powerful architectures for complex task decomposition and collaborative problem-solving. However, their long-term behavioral stability remains largely unexamined. This study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Abhishek Rath

As autonomous agents powered by LLM are increasingly deployed in society, understanding their collective behaviour in social dilemmas becomes critical. We introduce an evaluation framework where LLMs generate strategies encoded as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Richard Willis , Jianing Zhao , Yali Du , Joel Z. Leibo

Many real-world systems, such as transportation systems, ecological systems, and Internet systems, are complex systems. As an important tool for studying complex systems, computational experiments can map them into artificial society models…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ming Zhang , Yiling Xuan , Qun Ma , Yuwei Guo

Incident response (IR) is a critical aspect of cybersecurity, requiring rapid decision-making and coordinated efforts to address cyberattacks effectively. Leveraging large language models (LLMs) as intelligent agents offers a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zefang Liu

Multi-agent systems (MASs) have pushed the boundaries of large language model (LLM) agents in domains such as web research and software engineering. However, long-horizon, multi-constraint planning tasks involve conditioning on detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tianyue Ou , Saujas Vaduguru , Daniel Fried

In this paper, we study cooperation in distributed games under network-constrained communication. Building on the framework of Monderer and Tennenholtz (1999), we derive a sufficient condition for cooperative equilibrium in settings where…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tommy Mordo , Omer Madmon , Moshe Tennenholtz

Large Language Model (LLM) based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown promise in tackling complex tasks, but often rely on predefined roles and centralized coordination, limiting their adaptability to evolving challenges. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Siyuan Lu , Jiaqi Shao , Bing Luo , Tao Lin

To improve the reasoning and question-answering capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), several multi-agent approaches have been introduced. While these methods enhance performance, the application of collective intelligence-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Ciaran Regan , Alexandre Gournail , Mizuki Oka

There is an growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) in multi-agent systems to tackle interactive real-world tasks that require effective collaboration and assessing complex situations. Yet, we still have a limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Sarath Sivaprasad , Lea Schönherr , Mario Fritz

While multi-agent systems (MAS) have demonstrated superior performance over single-agent approaches in complex reasoning tasks, they often suffer from significant computational inefficiencies. Existing frameworks typically deploy large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jingbo Wang , Sendong Zhao , Jiatong Liu , Haochun Wang , Wanting Li , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Coordinating a fully distributed multi-agent system (MAS) can be challenging when the communication channel has very limited capabilities in terms of sending rate and packet payload. When the MAS has to deal with active obstacles in a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Affinita , Domenico D. Bloisi , Daniele Nardi
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