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Transformer has become ubiquitous in the deep learning field. One of the key ingredients that destined its success is the self-attention mechanism, which allows fully-connected contextual encoding over input tokens. However, despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Shuohang Wang , Luowei Zhou , Zhe Gan , Yen-Chun Chen , Yuwei Fang , Siqi Sun , Yu Cheng , Jingjing Liu

Decoding in a Transformer based language model is inherently sequential as a token's embedding needs to pass through all the layers in the network before the generation of the next token can begin. In this work, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Dylan Cutler , Arun Kandoor , Nishanth Dikkala , Nikunj Saunshi , Xin Wang , Rina Panigrahy

Algorithmic reasoning requires capabilities which are most naturally understood through recurrent models of computation, like the Turing machine. However, Transformer models, while lacking recurrence, are able to perform such reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Bingbin Liu , Jordan T. Ash , Surbhi Goel , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Cyril Zhang

Neural networks have in recent years shown promise for helping software engineers write programs and even formally verify them. While semantic information plays a crucial part in these processes, it remains unclear to what degree popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Shizhuo Dylan Zhang , Curt Tigges , Stella Biderman , Maxim Raginsky , Talia Ringer

Recently, a variety of vision transformers have been developed as their capability of modeling long-range dependency. In current transformer-based backbones for medical image segmentation, convolutional layers were replaced with pure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Huimin Huang , Shiao Xie1 , Lanfen Lin , Yutaro Iwamoto , Xianhua Han , Yen-Wei Chen , Ruofeng Tong

Transformers have become the predominant architecture in foundation models due to their excellent performance across various domains. However, the substantial cost of scaling these models remains a significant concern. This problem arises…

Transformers have been successfully applied to sequential, auto-regressive tasks despite being feedforward networks. Unlike recurrent neural networks, Transformers use attention to capture temporal relations while processing input tokens in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Angela Fan , Thibaut Lavril , Edouard Grave , Armand Joulin , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Vision Transformers face a fundamental limitation: standard self-attention jointly processes spatial and channel dimensions, leading to entangled representations that prevent independent modeling of structural and semantic dependencies.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jiashu Liao , Pietro Liò , Marc de Kamps , Duygu Sarikaya

In remote sensing there exists a common need for learning scale invariant shapes of objects like buildings. Prior works relies on tweaking multiple loss functions to convert segmentation maps into the final scale invariant representation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Maxim Khomiakov , Michael Riis Andersen , Jes Frellsen

Recent work in deep learning has opened new possibilities for solving classical algorithmic tasks using end-to-end learned models. In this work, we investigate the fundamental task of solving linear systems, particularly those that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Pietro Sittoni , Francesco Tudisco

As industrial recommender systems enter a scaling-driven regime, Transformer architectures have become increasingly attractive for scaling models towards larger capacity and longer sequence. However, existing Transformer-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xu Huang , Hao Zhang , Zhifang Fan , Yunwen Huang , Zhuoxing Wei , Zheng Chai , Jinan Ni , Yuchao Zheng , Qiwei Chen

Sequential user modeling, a critical task in personalized recommender systems, focuses on predicting the next item a user would prefer, requiring a deep understanding of user behavior sequences. Despite the remarkable success of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Hao Wang , Jianxun Lian , Mingqi Wu , Haoxuan Li , Jiajun Fan , Wanyue Xu , Chaozhuo Li , Xing Xie

Time series analysis faces significant challenges in handling variable-length data and achieving robust generalization. While Transformer-based models have advanced time series tasks, they often struggle with feature redundancy and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Kai Zhang , Siming Sun , Zhengyu Fan , Qinmin Yang , Xuejun Jiang

Research in efficient vision backbones is evolving into models that are a mixture of convolutions and transformer blocks. A smart combination of both, architecture-wise and component-wise is mandatory to excel in the speedaccuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Moritz Nottebaum , Matteo Dunnhofer , Christian Micheloni

Large Transformer models routinely achieve state-of-the-art results on a number of tasks but training these models can be prohibitively costly, especially on long sequences. We introduce two techniques to improve the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Nikita Kitaev , Łukasz Kaiser , Anselm Levskaya

Industrial large-scale recommendation models (LRMs) face the challenge of jointly modeling long-range user behavior sequences and heterogeneous non-sequential features under strict efficiency constraints. However, most existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Yunwen Huang , Shiyong Hong , Xijun Xiao , Jinqiu Jin , Xuanyuan Luo , Zhe Wang , Zheng Chai , Shikang Wu , Yuchao Zheng , Jingjian Lin

Modern computationally-intensive applications often operate under time constraints, necessitating acceleration methods and distribution of computational workloads across multiple entities. However, the outcome is either achieved within the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Homa Esfahanizadeh , Alejandro Cohen , Shlomo Shamai , Muriel Medard

We present a High-Resolution Transformer (HRFormer) that learns high-resolution representations for dense prediction tasks, in contrast to the original Vision Transformer that produces low-resolution representations and has high memory and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Yuhui Yuan , Rao Fu , Lang Huang , Weihong Lin , Chao Zhang , Xilin Chen , Jingdong Wang

Sequence-to-sequence models have become central in Artificial Intelligence, particularly following the introduction of the transformer architecture. While initially developed for Natural Language Processing, these models have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Daniel Gallo Fernández

We present a neat yet effective recursive operation on vision transformers that can improve parameter utilization without involving additional parameters. This is achieved by sharing weights across the depth of transformer networks. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Zhiqiang Shen , Zechun Liu , Eric Xing