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Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, often attributed to their capability to generate explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, recent work shows that LRMs often arrive at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yihong Liu , Raoyuan Zhao , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance in complex reasoning tasks, driven by their powerful inference-time scaling capability. However, LRMs often suffer from overthinking, which results in substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yang Xiang , Yixin Ji , Ruotao Xu , Dan Qiao , Zheming Yang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Token-level Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become a standard way to elicit multi-step reasoning in large language models (LLMs), especially for mathematical word problems. However, generating long intermediate traces increases output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Disha Sheshanarayana , Rajat Subhra Pal , Manjira Sinha , Tirthankar Dasgupta

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance by generating long chains-of-thought, but often waste computation on redundant reasoning after the correct answer has already been reached. We introduce Early-Stopping for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junda Wang , Zhichao Yang , Dongxu Zhang , Sanjit Singh Batra , Robert E. Tillman

While recent advances in large reasoning models have demonstrated remarkable performance, efficient reasoning remains critical due to the rapid growth of output length. Existing optimization approaches highlights a tendency toward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kaiyuan Liu , Chen Shen , Zhanwei Zhang , Junjie Liu , Xiaosong Yuan , Jieping ye

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks by leveraging increased test-time computation and exhibiting behaviors reminiscent of human-like self-reflection. While LRMs show a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Weihao Xuan , Leyang Cui , Rob Voigt

The table reasoning task, crucial for efficient data acquisition, aims to answer questions based on the given table. Recently, reasoning large language models (RLLMs) with Long Chain-of-Thought (Long CoT) significantly enhance reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xuanliang Zhang , Dingzirui Wang , Keyan Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

This work characterizes large language models' chain-of-thought generation as a structured trajectory through representation space. We show that mathematical reasoning traverses functionally ordered, step-specific subspaces that become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Lihao Sun , Hang Dong , Bo Qiao , Qingwei Lin , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan

Reasoning with a chain-of-thought (CoT) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks but incurs significant inference costs due to the generation of long rationales. We propose Thinking States, a method that performs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ido Amos , Avi Caciularu , Mor Geva , Amir Globerson , Jonathan Herzig , Lior Shani , Idan Szpektor

Recent breakthroughs in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated that extensive Chain-of-Thought (CoT) generation is critical for enabling intricate cognitive behaviors, such as self-verification and backtracking, to solve complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Minda Hu , Zexuan Qiu , Zenan Xu , Kun Li , Bo Zhou , Irwin King

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, but still struggle with complex reasoning tasks requiring multiple steps. While prompt-based methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) can improve LLM reasoning at inference time,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Haolin Chen , Yihao Feng , Zuxin Liu , Weiran Yao , Akshara Prabhakar , Shelby Heinecke , Ricky Ho , Phil Mui , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang

Latent visual reasoning aims to mimic human's imagination process by meditating through hidden states of Multimodal Large Language Models. While recognized as a promising paradigm for visual reasoning, the underlying mechanisms driving its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 You Li , Chi Chen , Yanghao Li , Fanhu Zeng , Kaiyu Huang , Jinan Xu , Maosong Sun

Large language models exhibit high-level commonsense reasoning abilities, especially with enhancement methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, we find these CoT-like methods lead to a considerable number of originally correct answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiachun Li , Pengfei Cao , Chenhao Wang , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Daojian Zeng , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks using techniques such as chain-of-thought and self-consistency. However, ensemble-based approaches, especially self-consistency which relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Qinglin Zeng , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) introduce new opportunities for safety monitoring through their Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, CoT is not always faithful to the model's final output, undermining its reliability as a monitoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maciej Chrabąszcz , Aleksander Szymczyk , Marcin Sendera , Tomasz Trzciński , Sebastian Cygert

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex problems, but remains constrained by the computational cost and reasoning path collapse when grounded in discrete token spaces. Recent latent reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Chunyang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial accuracy gains when augmented with reasoning modes such as chain-of-thought and inference-time scaling. However, reasoning also incurs significant costs in inference latency and token…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chen Wang , Xunzhuo Liu , Yuhan Liu , Yue Zhu , Xiangxi Mo , Junchen Jiang , Huamin Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT relies on explicitly verbalized intermediate steps, which constrains its broader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinghao Chen , Anhao Zhao , Heming Xia , Xuan Lu , Hanlin Wang , Yanjun Chen , Wei Zhang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance in mathematics, code generation, and task planning, but their reliance on long chains of verbose "thinking" tokens leads to high latency, redundancy, and incoherent reasoning paths.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kumar Tanmay , Kriti Aggarwal , Paul Pu Liang , Subhabrata Mukherjee

Preference alignment has enabled large language models (LLMs) to better reflect human expectations, but current methods mostly optimize for population-level preferences, overlooking individual users. Personalization is essential, yet early…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Chengbing Wang , Yang Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Xiaoyan Zhao , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Tat-Seng Chua