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We present a construction of 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras using labeled directed simple graphs, which allows us to give a criterion to detect certain ideals and subalgebras by finding special subgraphs. We prove that if a label occurs only…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Mauricio Godoy Molina , Diego Lagos

In this paper, we define a class of auxiliary graphs associated with simple undirected graphs. This class of auxiliary graphs is based on the set of spanning trees of the original graph and the edges constituting those spanning trees. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Abhishek Garg , Mahipal Jadeja , Rahul Muthu

Graphs, and sequences of growing graphs, can be used to specify the architecture of mathematical models in many fields including machine learning and computational science. Here we define structured graph "lineages" (ordered by level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Eric Mjolsness , Cory B. Scott

A finite-dimensional unital and associative algebra over $\mathbb{R}$, or what we shall call simply "an algebra" in this paper for short, generalities the construction by which we derive the complex numbers by "adjoining an element $i$" to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-08-04 Nathan BeDell

We modify a previous result, which showed that certain diagrams of spaces are essentially simplicial monoids, to construct diagrams of spaces which model simplicial groups. Furthermore, we show that these diagrams can be generalized to…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2013-01-04 Julia E. Bergner

Let $\mathfrak{W}$ be the Lie algebra of vector fields on the line. Via computing extensions between all simple modules in the category $\mathcal{O}$, we give the block decomposition of $\mathcal{O}$, and show that the representation type…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Genqiang Liu , Mingjie Li

For an arbitrary octonion algebra, we determine all subalgebras. It turns out that every subalgebra of dimension less than four is associative, while every subalgebra of dimension greater than four is not associative. In any split octonion…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Norbert Knarr , Markus J. Stroppel

In this paper, we give a geometric construction of string algebras and of their module categories. Our approach uses dissections of punctured Riemann surfaces with extra data at marked points, called labels. As an application, we give a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Karin Baur , Raquel Coelho Simoes

k-graphs are higher-rank analogues of directed graphs which were first developed to provide combinatorial models for operator algebras of Cuntz-Krieger type. Here we develop the theory of covering spaces for k-graphs, obtaining a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2008-05-23 David Pask , John Quigg , Iain Raeburn

We introduce the calculus of neo-Peircean relations, a string diagrammatic extension of the calculus of binary relations that has the same expressivity as first order logic and comes with a complete axiomatisation. The axioms are obtained…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Filippo Bonchi , Alessandro Di Giorgio , Nathan Haydon , Pawel Sobocinski

We construct and study a class of algebras associated to generalized layered graphs, i.e. directed graphs with a ranking function on their vertices. Each finite directed acyclic graph admits countably many structures of a generalized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-11 Vladimir Retakh , Robert Lee Wilson

We give a homological interpretation of the coefficients of the Hilbert series for an algebra associated with a directed graph and its dual algebra. This allows us to obtain necessary conditions for Koszulity of such algebras in terms of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-11-15 Vladimir Retakh , Shirlei Serconek , Robert Wilson

In this paper, we study the diagrammatic categorification of the fermion algebra. We construct a graphical category corresponding to the one-dimensional fermion algebra, and we investigate the properties of this category. The categorical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-10-04 Bing-Sheng Lin , Zhi-Xi Wang , Ke Wu , Zi-Feng Yang

We construct a calculational scheme for handling the matrix ordering problems connected with the appearance of D-brane positions taking values in the same Lie algebra as the nonabelian gauge field living on the D-brane. The formalism is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 H. Dorn

We present a complete classification of all 1D and 2D orbifold compactifications. There exist 2 one-dimensional and 17 two-dimensional orbifolds. The classification includes orbifolds such as S^1/Z_2 or T^2/Z_n, as well as less familiar…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 Lars Nilse

Foams are surfaces with branch lines at which three sheets merge. They have been used in the categorification of sl(3) quantum knot invariants and also in physics. The 2D-TQFT of surfaces, on the other hand, is classified by means of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-01-07 J. Scott Carter , Masahico Saito

The complement of a complex hyperplane arrangement is known to be homotopic to a minimal CW complex. There are several approaches to the minimality. In this paper, we restrict our attention to real two dimensional cases, and introduce the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-05-18 Masahiko Yoshinaga

Bipartite graphs model the relationships between two disjoint sets of entities in several applications and are naturally drawn as 2-layer graph drawings. In such drawings, the two sets of entities (vertices) are placed on two parallel lines…

We define the braid groups of a two-dimensional orbifold and introduce conventions for drawing braid pictures. We use these to realize the Artin groups associated to the spherical Coxeter diagrams A_n, B_n=C_n and D_n and the affine…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Daniel Allcock

We prove a spectral theorem for bimodules in the context of graph C*-algebras. A bimodule over a suitable abelian algebra is determined by its spectrum (i.e., its groupoid partial order) iff it is generated by the Cuntz-Krieger partial…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alan Hopenwasser , Jurtin R. Peters , Stephen C. Power