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Training neural networks requires optimizing a loss function that may be highly irregular, and in particular neither convex nor smooth. Popular training algorithms are based on stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM), for which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Qinzi Zhang , Ashok Cutkosky

Momentum has become a crucial component in deep learning optimizers, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of when and why it accelerates stochastic gradient descent (SGD). To address the question of ''when'', we establish a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Jingwen Fu , Bohan Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Zhizheng Zhang , Wei Chen , Nanning Zheng

We focus on solving constrained convex optimization problems using mini-batch stochastic gradient descent. Dynamic sample size rules are presented which ensure a descent direction with high probability. Empirical results from two…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-03 Michael R. Metel

We study the implicit regularization of mini-batch stochastic gradient descent, when applied to the fundamental problem of least squares regression. We leverage a continuous-time stochastic differential equation having the same moments as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-23 Alnur Ali , Edgar Dobriban , Ryan J. Tibshirani

We propose a new stochastic optimization framework for empirical risk minimization problems such as those that arise in machine learning. The traditional approaches, such as (mini-batch) stochastic gradient descent (SGD), utilize an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-04 Kenji Kawaguchi , Haihao Lu

Mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and variants thereof approximate the objective function's gradient with a small number of training examples, aka the batch size. Small batch sizes require little computation for each model update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Scott Sievert , Shrey Shah

Block coordinate descent is a powerful algorithmic template suitable for big data optimization. This template admits a lot of variants including block gradient descent (BGD), which performs gradient descent on a selected block of variables,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Liangzu Peng , Wotao Yin

We introduce novel variants of momentum by incorporating the variance of the stochastic loss function. The variance characterizes the confidence or uncertainty of the local features of the averaged loss surface across the i.i.d. subsets of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Vineeth S. Bhaskara , Sneha Desai

In this paper, we present a unified algorithm for stochastic optimization that makes use of a "momentum" term; in other words, the stochastic gradient depends not only on the current true gradient of the objective function, but also on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Mathukumalli Vidyasagar

Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) is one of the most widely used optimization algorithms in machine learning. While optimization properties of SGDM have been extensively studied in the literature, it remains insufficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunwen Lei , Zimeng Wang , Xiaoming Yuan

In empirical risk optimization, it has been observed that stochastic gradient implementations that rely on random reshuffling of the data achieve better performance than implementations that rely on sampling the data uniformly. Recent works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Bicheng Ying , Kun Yuan , Stefan Vlaski , Ali H. Sayed

We study the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) method in nonconvex optimization problems from the point of view of approximating diffusion processes. We prove rigorously that the diffusion process can approximate the SGD algorithm weakly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-06 Wenqing Hu , Chris Junchi Li , Lei Li , Jian-Guo Liu

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a popular optimization method which has been applied to many important machine learning tasks such as Support Vector Machines and Deep Neural Networks. In order to parallelize SGD, minibatch training is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 Peilin Zhao , Tong Zhang

In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of the gradient descent algorithm in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks with ReLU or LeakyReLU activations. In particular, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

Understanding the implicit bias of training algorithms is of crucial importance in order to explain the success of overparametrised neural networks. In this paper, we study the dynamics of stochastic gradient descent over diagonal linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Scott Pesme , Loucas Pillaud-Vivien , Nicolas Flammarion

We study the generalization performance of $\text{full-batch}$ optimization algorithms for stochastic convex optimization: these are first-order methods that only access the exact gradient of the empirical risk (rather than gradients with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-02 Idan Amir , Yair Carmon , Tomer Koren , Roi Livni

Distributed stochastic gradient methods are widely used to preserve data privacy and ensure scalability in large-scale learning tasks. While existing theory on distributed momentum Stochastic Gradient Descent (mSGD) mainly focuses on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Difei Cheng , Ruinan Jin , Hong Qiao , Bo Zhang

Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD) enables scalable distributed training but suffers from gradient staleness. Existing mitigation strategies, such as delay-adaptive learning rates and staleness-aware filtering, typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tehila Dahan , Roie Reshef , Sharon Goldstein , Kfir Y. Levy

The study on the implicit regularization induced by gradient-based optimization is a longstanding pursuit. In the present paper, we characterize the implicit regularization of momentum gradient descent (MGD) with early stopping by comparing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Li Wang , Yingcong Zhou , Zhiguo Fu

Parallel stochastic gradient methods are gaining prominence in solving large-scale machine learning problems that involve data distributed across multiple nodes. However, obtaining unbiased stochastic gradients, which have been the focus of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ali Beikmohammadi , Sarit Khirirat , Sindri Magnússon