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Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu

The quadratic computational cost of the self-attention mechanism is a primary challenge in scaling Transformer models. While attention sparsity is widely studied as a technique to improve computational efficiency, it is almost universally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sagar Gandhi , Vishal Gandhi

The neural attention mechanism has been incorporated into deep neural networks to achieve state-of-the-art performance in various domains. Most such models use multi-head self-attention which is appealing for the ability to attend to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Shujian Zhang , Xinjie Fan , Huangjie Zheng , Korawat Tanwisuth , Mingyuan Zhou

Recently, Transformer architecture has been introduced into image restoration to replace convolution neural network (CNN) with surprising results. Considering the high computational complexity of Transformer with global attention, some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Zheng Chen , Yulun Zhang , Jinjin Gu , Yongbing Zhang , Linghe Kong , Xin Yuan

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable empirical success in modeling contextual relations, yet a clear understanding of their expressive power is still lacking. In this work, we introduce a measure-theoretic framework in which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Demián Fraiman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. These capabilities stem primarily from the self-attention mechanism, which enables modeling of long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Shuhai Zhang , Zhijie Qiu , Tingyu Wu , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

To improve the robustness of transformer neural networks used for temporal-dynamics prediction of chaotic systems, we propose a novel attention mechanism called easy attention which we demonstrate in time-series reconstruction and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Marcial Sanchis-Agudo , Yuning Wang , Roger Arnau , Luca Guastoni , Jasmin Lim , Karthik Duraisamy , Ricardo Vinuesa

Transformers have been successfully used in various fields and are becoming the standard tools in computer vision. However, self-attention, a core component of transformers, has a quadratic complexity problem, which limits the use of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Jiuk Hong , Chaehyeon Lee , Soyoun Bang , Heechul Jung

We propose Sparse Sinkhorn Attention, a new efficient and sparse method for learning to attend. Our method is based on differentiable sorting of internal representations. Concretely, we introduce a meta sorting network that learns to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Yi Tay , Dara Bahri , Liu Yang , Donald Metzler , Da-Cheng Juan

The self-attention mechanism has been a key factor in the advancement of vision Transformers. However, its quadratic complexity imposes a heavy computational burden in high-resolution scenarios, restricting the practical application.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Dongchen Han , Tianyu Li , Ziyi Wang , Gao Huang

Transformer-based architectures have become the prevailing backbone of large language models. However, the quadratic time and memory complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental obstacle to efficient long-context modeling. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yutao Sun , Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Bowen Dong , Yuyi Guo , Jianyong Wang

Transformer-based deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across numerous language and vision tasks. While the self-attention mechanism, a core component of transformers, has proven capable of handling complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Laziz Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

In recent years, Transformer architectures have revolutionized most fields of artificial intelligence, relying on an attentional mechanism based on the agreement between keys and queries to select and route information in the network. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Andrea Alamia , Sabine Muzellec , Thomas Serre , Rufin VanRullen

Transformers have emerged as a powerful tool for a broad range of natural language processing tasks. A key component that drives the impressive performance of Transformers is the self-attention mechanism that encodes the influence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Yunyang Xiong , Zhanpeng Zeng , Rudrasis Chakraborty , Mingxing Tan , Glenn Fung , Yin Li , Vikas Singh

The spreading of attention has been proposed as a mechanism for how humans group features to segment objects. However, such a mechanism has not yet been implemented and tested in naturalistic images. Here, we leverage the feature maps from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Hossein Adeli , Seoyoung Ahn , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte , Gregory Zelinsky

This paper investigates automatic piano transcription based on computationally-efficient yet high-performant variants of the Transformer that can capture longer-term dependency over the whole musical piece. Recently, transformer-based…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Weixing Wei , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Transformers have recently shown superior performances on various vision tasks. The large, sometimes even global, receptive field endows Transformer models with higher representation power over their CNN counterparts. Nevertheless, simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zhuofan Xia , Xuran Pan , Shiji Song , Li Erran Li , Gao Huang

To overcome the quadratic cost of self-attention, recent works have proposed various sparse attention modules, most of which fall under one of two groups: 1) sparse attention under a hand-crafted patterns and 2) full attention followed by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Sungjun Cho , Seonwoo Min , Jinwoo Kim , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Seunghoon Hong

Transformer architecture has been showing its great strength in visual object tracking, for its effective attention mechanism. Existing transformer-based approaches adopt the pixel-to-pixel attention strategy on flattened image features and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Zikai Song , Junqing Yu , Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen , Wei Yang

Self-attention mechanisms are foundational to Transformer architectures, supporting their impressive success in a wide range of tasks. While there are many self-attention variants, their robustness to noise and spurious correlations has not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Camilo Tamayo-Rousseau , Yunjia Zhao , Yiqun Zhang , Randall Balestriero