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While Audio Large Language Models (ALLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in understanding and generation, their potential privacy implications remain largely unexplored. This paper takes the first step to investigate whether ALLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jin Wang , Liang Lin , Kaiwen Luo , Weiliu Wang , Yitian Chen , Moayad Aloqaily , Xuehai Tang , Zhenhong Zhou , Kun Wang , Li Sun , Qingsong Wen

Code large language models (CodeLLMs) and agents are increasingly being integrated into complex software engineering tasks spanning the entire Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Benchmarking is critical for rigorously evaluating these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kaixin Wang , Tianlin Li , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chong Wang , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Chao Shen , Bin Shi

The rapid deployment of LLM-based autonomous agents has introduced safety risks that extend far beyond traditional LLM concerns, prompting a proliferation of safety benchmarks since late 2023. However, these benchmarks have developed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Boyang Li , Heba Ismail , Farkhund Iqbal

As language models (LMs) are widely utilized in personalized communication scenarios (e.g., sending emails, writing social media posts) and endowed with a certain level of agency, ensuring they act in accordance with the contextual privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yijia Shao , Tianshi Li , Weiyan Shi , Yanchen Liu , Diyi Yang

Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) are expected to enhance decision-making by pooling distributed information, yet systematically evaluating this capability has remained challenging. We introduce HiddenBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuxuan Li , Aoi Naito , Hirokazu Shirado

AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are being deployed at scale, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how the choice of backbone LLM affects agent security. The non-deterministic sequential nature of AI agents complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Julia Bazinska , Max Mathys , Francesco Casucci , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Xander Davies , Alexandra Souly , Niklas Pfister

Multi-agent collaboration systems (MACS), powered by large language models (LLMs), solve complex problems efficiently by leveraging each agent's specialization and communication between agents. However, the inherent exchange of information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jian Cui , Zichuan Li , Luyi Xing , Xiaojing Liao

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in healthcare, ensuring their safety, particularly within collaborative multi-agent configurations, is paramount. In this paper we introduce MedSentry, a benchmark comprising 5 000…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kai Chen , Taihang Zhen , Hewei Wang , Kailai Liu , Xinfeng Li , Jing Huo , Tianpei Yang , Jinfeng Xu , Wei Dong , Yang Gao

As Speech Language Models (SLMs) transition from personal devices to shared, multi-user environments such as smart homes, a new challenge emerges: the model is expected to distinguish between users to manage information flow appropriately.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Yuxiang Wang , Hongyu Liu , Dekun Chen , Xueyao Zhang , Zhizheng Wu

As language models evolve into autonomous agents that act and communicate on behalf of users, ensuring safety in multi-agent ecosystems becomes a central challenge. Interactions between personal assistants and external service providers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Amr Gomaa , Ahmed Salem , Sahar Abdelnabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities as autonomous agents, yet existing benchmarks either focus on single-agent tasks or are confined to narrow domains, failing to capture the dynamics of multi-agent coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Hongyi Du , Zhaochen Hong , Xiaocheng Yang , Shuyi Guo , Zhe Wang , Zhenhailong Wang , Cheng Qian , Xiangru Tang , Heng Ji , Jiaxuan You

Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic…

Personal AI agents like OpenClaw run with elevated privileges on users' local machines, where a single successful prompt injection can leak credentials, redirect financial transactions, or destroy files. This threat goes well beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bowen Wei , Yunbei Zhang , Jinhao Pan , Kai Mei , Xiao Wang , Jihun Hamm , Ziwei Zhu , Yingqiang Ge

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software development, enabling AI-powered applications known as LLM-based agents that promise to automate tasks across diverse apps and workflows. Yet, the security implications of deploying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Chenghao Du , Quanfeng Huang , Tingxuan Tang , Zihao Wang , Adwait Nadkarni , Yue Xiao

Although LLM-based agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), can use external tools and memory mechanisms to solve complex real-world tasks, they may also introduce critical security vulnerabilities. However, the existing literature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hanrong Zhang , Jingyuan Huang , Kai Mei , Yifei Yao , Zhenting Wang , Chenlu Zhan , Hongwei Wang , Yongfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in healthcare, yet ensuring their ethical integrity and safety compliance remains a major barrier to clinical deployment. This work introduces a multi-agent refinement framework designed…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show considerable promise for automating complex tasks using contextual reasoning; however, interactions involving multiple agents and the system's susceptibility to prompt injection and other forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kaiyuan Zhang , Zian Su , Pin-Yu Chen , Elisa Bertino , Xiangyu Zhang , Ninghui Li

As AI agents increasingly operate in complex environments, ensuring reliable, context-aware privacy is critical for regulatory compliance. Traditional access controls are insufficient because privacy risks often arise after access is…

Multi-agent systems (MAS) built on large language models promise improved problem-solving through collaboration, yet they often fail to consistently outperform strong single-agent baselines due to error propagation at inter-agent message…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Bohan Lin , Kuo Yang , Zelin Tan , Yingchuan Lai , Chen Zhang , Guibin Zhang , Xinlei Yu , Miao Yu , Xu Wang , Yudong Zhang , Yang Wang

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in embodied agents creates an urgent need to measure their privacy awareness in the physical world. Existing evaluation methods, however, are confined to natural language based scenarios. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xinjie Shen , Mufei Li , Pan Li