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The remarkable reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) stems from cognitive behaviors that emerge through reinforcement with verifiable rewards. This work investigates how to transfer this principle to Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yana Wei , Liang Zhao , Jianjian Sun , Kangheng Lin , Jisheng Yin , Jingcheng Hu , Yinmin Zhang , En Yu , Haoran Lv , Zejia Weng , Jia Wang , Chunrui Han , Yuang Peng , Qi Han , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Vishal M. Patel

Traditional depth sensors generate accurate real world depth estimates that surpass even the most advanced learning approaches trained only on simulation domains. Since ground truth depth is readily available in the simulation domain but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Isabella Liu , Edward Yang , Jianyu Tao , Rui Chen , Xiaoshuai Zhang , Qing Ran , Zhu Liu , Hao Su

Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Recent advanced vision-language models(VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on passive, offline image and video understanding tasks. However, their effectiveness in embodied settings, which require online interaction and active scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Mingxian Lin , Wei Huang , Yitang Li , Chengjie Jiang , Kui Wu , Fangwei Zhong , Shengju Qian , Xin Wang , Xiaojuan Qi

Zero-shot scene understanding in real-world settings presents major challenges due to the complexity and variability of natural scenes, where models must recognize new objects, actions, and contexts without prior labeled examples. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Manjunath Prasad Holenarasipura Rajiv , B. M. Vidyavathi

We present an empirical study of active learning for Visual Question Answering, where a deep VQA model selects informative question-image pairs from a pool and queries an oracle for answers to maximally improve its performance under a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Xiao Lin , Devi Parikh

Recently, AlphaZero has achieved landmark results in deep reinforcement learning, by providing a single self-play architecture that learned three different games at super human level. AlphaZero is a large and complicated system with many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Hui Wang , Mike Preuss , Aske Plaat

The reward hypothesis states that all goals and purposes can be understood as the maximization of a received scalar reward signal. However, in practice, defining such a reward signal is notoriously difficult, as humans are often unable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Harshit Sikchi , Siddhant Agarwal , Pranaya Jajoo , Samyak Parajuli , Caleb Chuck , Max Rudolph , Peter Stone , Amy Zhang , Scott Niekum

Vision-language model (VLM) agents increasingly rely on memory-augmented reinforcement learning to reuse experience across long-horizon tasks, yet most existing frameworks store memory as text and depend on proprietary teacher models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Pan Wang , Yihao Hu , Xiujin Liu , Jingchu Yang , Hang Wang , Zhihao Wen

Autonomous artificial agents must be able to learn behaviors in complex environments without humans to design tasks and rewards. Designing these functions for each environment is not feasible, thus, motivating the development of intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Alana Santana , Paula P. Costa , Esther L. Colombini

The Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task requires an agent to follow natural language instructions and navigate through complex environments. Existing MLLM-based VLN methods primarily rely on imitation learning (IL) and often use…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zekai Zhang , Weiye Zhu , Hewei Pan , Xiangchen Wang , Rongtao Xu , Xing Sun , Feng Zheng

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced multimodal tasks such as video question answering (QA). However, VLMs face the challenge of selecting frames effectively and efficiently, as standard uniform sampling is expensive and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Martin Q. Ma , Willis Guo , Aditya Agrawal , Ankit Gupta , Paul Pu Liang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

In the same way that generative models today conduct most of their training in a self-supervised fashion, how can agentic models conduct their training in a self-supervised fashion, interactively exploring, learning, and preparing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kathryn Wantlin , Chongyi Zheng , Benjamin Eysenbach

Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents show strong performance in tool use, but lack the crucial capability to systematically learn from their own experiences. While existing frameworks mainly focus on mitigating external knowledge gaps,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rong Wu , Xiaoman Wang , Jianbiao Mei , Pinlong Cai , Daocheng Fu , Cheng Yang , Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Yufan Shen , Yuxin Wang , Botian Shi

Language agents have shown some ability to interact with an external environment, e.g., a virtual world such as ScienceWorld, to perform complex tasks, e.g., growing a plant, without the startup costs of reinforcement learning. However,…

This paper presents a self-supervised method for visual detection of the active speaker in a multi-person spoken interaction scenario. Active speaker detection is a fundamental prerequisite for any artificial cognitive system attempting to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Kalin Stefanov , Jonas Beskow , Giampiero Salvi

LLM agents have shown strong performance across a wide range of complex tasks, including interactive environments that require long-horizon decision making. But these agents cannot learn on the fly at test time. Self-evolving agents address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yibo Li , Jiashuo Yang , Zhi Zheng , Zhiyuan Hu , Yuan Sui , Shizun Wang , Yufei He , Bryan Hooi

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) tasks require an agent to navigate through the environment based on language instructions. In this paper, we aim to solve two key challenges in this task: utilizing multilingual instructions for improved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Jialu Li , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal

The rapid development of large language and multimodal models has sparked significant interest in using proprietary models, such as GPT-4o, to develop autonomous agents capable of handling real-world scenarios like web navigation. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Tianqing Fang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu