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In this work, we propose the Generative Latent Flow (GLF), an algorithm for generative modeling of the data distribution. GLF uses an Auto-encoder (AE) to learn latent representations of the data, and a normalizing flow to map the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Zhisheng Xiao , Qing Yan , Yali Amit

Vision-Language Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) (Rombach et al., 2022) provide powerful generative priors for inverse problems. However, existing LDM-based inverse solvers typically require a large number of neural function evaluations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Alessio Spagnoletti , Tim Y. J. Wang , Marcelo Pereyra , O. Deniz Akyildiz

Learning probabilistic models that can estimate the density of a given set of samples, and generate samples from that density, is one of the fundamental challenges in unsupervised machine learning. We introduce a new generative model based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Siavash A. Bigdeli , Geng Lin , Tiziano Portenier , L. Andrea Dunbar , Matthias Zwicker

Scaling hyperparameter optimisation to very large datasets remains an open problem in the Gaussian process community. This paper focuses on iterative methods, which use linear system solvers, like conjugate gradients, alternating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jihao Andreas Lin , Shreyas Padhy , Bruno Mlodozeniec , Javier Antorán , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

In computational fluid dynamics, there is an inevitable trade off between accuracy and computational cost. In this work, a novel multi-fidelity deep generative model is introduced for the surrogate modeling of high-fidelity turbulent flow…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-01-12 Nicholas Geneva , Nicholas Zabaras

A key aspect of learned partial differential equation (PDE) solvers is that the main cost often comes from generating training data with classical solvers rather than learning the model itself. Another is that there are clear axes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Naman Choudhary , Vedant Singh , Ameet Talwalkar , Nicholas Matthew Boffi , Mikhail Khodak , Tanya Marwah

Fast surrogate modeling for high-dimensional physical dynamics requires more than low short-term error: useful models must roll out efficiently while preserving the statistical structure of long trajectories. Neural operators provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tianyue Yang , Xiao Xue

Linear partial differential equations (PDEs) are an important, widely applied class of mechanistic models, describing physical processes such as heat transfer, electromagnetism, and wave propagation. In practice, specialized numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Marvin Pförtner , Ingo Steinwart , Philipp Hennig , Jonathan Wenger

Long-horizon forecasting of time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) is critical for characterizing the sustained evolution of physical systems. While neural operators have emerged as efficient surrogates, they typically learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaoxiao Lu , Ye Yuan , Jiahao Shi

Neural operators are promising surrogates for dynamical systems but when trained with standard L2 losses they tend to oversmooth fine-scale turbulent structures. Here, we show that combining operator learning with generative modeling…

Neural PDE surrogates can improve the cost-accuracy tradeoff of classical solvers, but often generalize poorly to new initial conditions and accumulate errors over time. Physical and symmetry constraints have shown promise in closing this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yunfei Huang , David S. Greenberg

Unsupervised learning of generative models has seen tremendous progress over recent years, in particular due to generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders, and flow-based models. GANs have dramatically improved sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Thomas Lucas , Konstantin Shmelkov , Karteek Alahari , Cordelia Schmid , Jakob Verbeek

Machine learning solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs) have attracted growing interest. However, most existing approaches, such as neural network solvers, rely on stochastic training, which is inefficient and typically requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Qiwei Yuan , Zhitong Xu , Yinghao Chen , Yiming Xu , Houman Owhadi , Shandian Zhe

Reconstructing PDE solutions from sparse observations is a core challenge in scientific computing. We present FM4PDE, a flow-matching generative framework that learns the joint distribution of PDE coefficients (or initial states) and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Xifeng Zhang , Jin Zhao

Physics-informed deep learning often faces optimization challenges due to the complexity of solving partial differential equations (PDEs), which involve exploring large solution spaces, require numerous iterations, and can lead to unstable…

Learning dynamical systems from incomplete or noisy data is inherently ill-posed, as a single observation may correspond to multiple plausible futures. While physics-based ensemble forecasting relies on perturbing initial states to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Siddharth Rout , Eldad Haber , Stephane Gaudreault

Turbulent flow consists of structures with a wide range of spatial and temporal scales which are hard to resolve numerically. Classical numerical methods as the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) are able to capture fine details of turbulent…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-21 Claudia Drygala , Francesca di Mare , Hanno Gottschalk

Solving large-scale Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on complex three-dimensional geometries represents a central challenge in scientific and engineering computing, often impeded by expensive pre-processing stages and substantial…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Peijian Zeng , Guan Wang , Haohao Gu , Xiaoguang Hu , Tiezhu Gao , Zhuowei Wang , Aimin Yang , Xiaoyu Song

We propose an end-to-end trained neural networkarchitecture to robustly predict the complex dynamics of fluid flows with high temporal stability. We focus on single-phase smoke simulations in 2D and 3D based on the incompressible…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Steffen Wiewel , Byungsoo Kim , Vinicius C. Azevedo , Barbara Solenthaler , Nils Thuerey

Learning to simulate complex physical systems from data has emerged as a promising way to overcome the limitations of traditional numerical solvers, which often require prohibitive computational costs for high-fidelity solutions. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Tai Hoang , Alessandro Trenta , Alessio Gravina , Niklas Freymuth , Philipp Becker , Davide Bacciu , Gerhard Neumann