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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models mostly use a router to assign tokens to specific expert modules, activating only partial parameters and often outperforming dense models. We argue that the separation between the router's decision-making and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Yining Qian , Songhao Wu , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Di Wang , Rui Yan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), while offering significant advantages as a Large Language Model (LLM) architecture, faces substantial challenges when deployed on low-cost edge devices with tight memory constraints. Expert offloading mitigates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Liujianfu Wang , Yuyang Du , Yuchen Pan , Soung Chang Liew , Jiacheng Liu , Kexin Chen

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) paradigm provides a powerful way to decompose dense layers into smaller, modular computations often more amenable to human interpretation, debugging, and editability. However, a major challenge lies in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 James Oldfield , Markos Georgopoulos , Grigorios G. Chrysos , Christos Tzelepis , Yannis Panagakis , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Jiankang Deng , Ioannis Patras

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have significantly increased computational efficiency in both research and real-world applications of large-scale machine learning models. However, their scalability and efficiency under memory…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the dominant choice for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs), activating only a subset of parameters per token. While MoE architectures are primarily adopted for computational efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jeremy Herbst , Stefan Wermter , Jae Hee Lee

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, though highly effective for various machine learning tasks, face significant deployment challenges on memory-constrained devices. While GPUs offer fast inference, their limited memory compared to CPUs means…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yujie Zhang , Shivam Aggarwal , Tulika Mitra

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural network architecture that adds sparsely activated expert blocks to a base model, increasing the number of parameters without impacting computational costs. However, current distributed deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Siddharth Singh , Olatunji Ruwase , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Samyam Rajbhandari , Yuxiong He , Abhinav Bhatele

The computational sparsity of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enables sub-linear growth in compute cost as model size increases, thus offering a scalable path to training massive neural networks. However, existing implementations suffer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Osayamen Jonathan Aimuyo , Byungsoo Oh , Rachee Singh

Efficient deployment of large language models, particularly Mixture of Experts (MoE), on resource-constrained platforms presents significant challenges, especially in terms of computational efficiency and memory utilization. The MoE…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shiyi Cao , Shu Liu , Tyler Griggs , Peter Schafhalter , Xiaoxuan Liu , Ying Sheng , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Matei Zaharia , Ion Stoica

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has been widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) to reduce computation cost through model sparsity. Employing speculative decoding (SD) can further accelerate MoE inference by drafting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Liangkun Chen , Zijian Wen , Tian Wu , Xiaoxi Zhang , Chuan Wu

Model editing aims to efficiently alter the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) within a desired scope, while ensuring no adverse impact on other inputs. Recent years have witnessed various model editing methods been proposed. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Renzhi Wang , Piji Li

In mobile edge computing (MEC) networks, mobile users generate diverse machine learning tasks dynamically over time. These tasks are typically offloaded to the nearest available edge server, by considering communication and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hongbo Li , Lingjie Duan

We introduce a Mixture of Raytraced Experts, a stacked Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture which can dynamically select sequences of experts, producing computational graphs of variable width and depth. Existing MoE architectures generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Andrea Perin , Giacomo Lagomarsini , Claudio Gallicchio , Giuseppe Nuti

Solving multi-objective optimization problems for large deep neural networks is a challenging task due to the complexity of the loss landscape and the expensive computational cost of training and evaluating models. Efficient Pareto front…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shiwei Liu , Han Hu , Bo Du

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models through conditional computation, but inference becomes memory-bound once expert weights exceed the capacity of GPU memory. In this case, weights must be offloaded to external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Zehao Fan , Zhenyu Liu , Yunzhen Liu , Yayue Hou , Hadjer Benmeziane , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Liu Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models substantially improve performance by increasing the capacity of dense architectures. However, directly training MoE models requires considerable computational resources and introduces extra overhead in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jiacheng Ruan , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Tong Zhu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu , Yu Cheng , Suncheng Xiang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become standard in large language models, yet many of their core design choices - expert count, granularity, shared experts, load balancing, token dropping - have only been studied one or two at a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Danielle Rothermel , Luke Zettlemoyer

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models with conditional execution of sparsely activated layers have enabled training models with a much larger number of parameters. As a result, these models have achieved significantly better quality on various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Young Jin Kim , Rawn Henry , Raffy Fahim , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Mixture of Experts (MoE), with its distinctive sparse structure, enables the scaling of language models up to trillions of parameters without significantly increasing computational costs. However, the substantial parameter size presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiyuan Fang , Yuegui Huang , Zicong Hong , Yufeng Lyu , Wuhui Chen , Yue Yu , Fan Yu , Zibin Zheng

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a primary solution for reducing the computational cost of Large Language Models. In this work, we analyze their scaling properties, incorporating an expanded range of variables. Specifically,…