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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in solving various programming tasks, such as code generation. However, their potential for code optimization, particularly in performance enhancement, remains largely…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Tong Ye , Tengfei Ma , Xuhong Zhang , Hang Yu , Jianwei Yin , Wenhai Wang

It is crucial for large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions that involve multiple constraints. However, it is an unexplored area to enhance LLMs' ability to follow soft constraints. To bridge the gap, we initially design a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Qingyu Ren , Jie Zeng , Qianyu He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu

Learning to Optimize (L2O) enhances optimization efficiency with integrated neural networks. L2O paradigms achieve great outcomes, e.g., refitting optimizer, generating unseen solutions iteratively or directly. However, conventional L2O…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Mingjia Shi , Ruihan Lin , Xuxi Chen , Yuhao Zhou , Zezhen Ding , Pingzhi Li , Tong Wang , Kai Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiheng Zhang , Tianlong Chen

Current large language models (LLMs) are constrained by human-derived training data and limited by a single level of abstraction that impedes definitive truth judgments. This paper introduces a novel framework in which AI models…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse domains. However, effectively leveraging their vast knowledge for training smaller downstream models remains an open challenge, especially in domains like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Davor Vukadin , Marin Šilić , Goran Delač

Previous research has primarily focused on the cognitive error detection capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), often prompting them to analyze mistakes in reasoning chains. However, few studies have examined the meta-cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziyang Ma , Qingyue Yuan , Zhenglin Wang , Deyu Zhou

Recently, decomposing complex problems into simple subtasks--a crucial part of human-like natural planning--to solve the given problem has significantly boosted the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, leveraging such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Xin Liu , Yiwen Song , Mingyang Ling , Chitta Baral , Hamid Palangi , Tomas Pfister

Robust optimization (RO) provides a principled framework for decision-making under uncertainty, but its practical use is often limited by the need to manually reformulate uncertain optimization models into tractable deterministic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jinbiao Chen , Shuang Jin , Guoyun Zhang , Junyu Zhang , Guanyi Wang , Hanzhang Qin

Large language model (LLM) personalization aims to align model outputs with individuals' unique preferences and opinions. While recent efforts have implemented various personalization methods, a unified theoretical framework that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Nick Beauchamp , Lu Wang

The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) highly relies on crafted prompts. However, manual prompt engineering is a laborious process, creating a core bottleneck for practical application of LLMs. This phenomenon has led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Qing Zhang , Bing Xu , Xudong Zhang , Yifan Shi , Yang Li , Chen Zhang , Yik Chung Wu , Ngai Wong , Yijie Chen , Hong Dai , Xiansen Chen , Mian Zhang

Optimization problems are ubiquitous in our societies and are present in almost every segment of the economy. Most of these optimization problems are NP-hard and computationally demanding, often requiring approximate solutions for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-23 James Kotary , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as effective action policies for sequential decision-making (SDM) tasks due to their extensive prior knowledge. However, this broad yet general knowledge is often insufficient for specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xue Yan , Zijing Ou , Mengyue Yang , Yan Song , Haifeng Zhang , Yingzhen Li , Jun Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance not only in natural language processing tasks but also in a great variety of non-linguistic domains. In diverse optimization scenarios, there is also a rising trend of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Beichen Huang , Xingyu Wu , Yu Zhou , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Ran Cheng , Kay Chen Tan

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

In recent years, the use of prompts to guide the output of Large Language Models have increased dramatically. However, even the best of experts struggle to choose the correct words to stitch up a prompt for the desired task. To solve this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yash Jain , Vishal Chowdhary

This paper studies how to train machine-learning models that directly approximate the optimal solutions of constrained optimization problems. This is an empirical risk minimization under constraints, which is challenging as training must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Seonho Park , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential as sequential decision-making agents, but their application is often limited due to a reliance on large, computationally expensive models. This creates a need to improve smaller models, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jim Dilkes , Vahid Yazdanpanah , Sebastian Stein

Large language models (LLMs) rely on pretraining on massive and heterogeneous corpora, where training data composition has a decisive impact on training efficiency and downstream generalization under realistic compute and data budget…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhuo Chen , Yuxuan Miao , Supryadi , Deyi Xiong

The alignments of reasoning abilities between smaller and larger Language Models are largely conducted via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) using demonstrations generated from robust Large Language Models (LLMs). Although these approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Leonardo Ranaldi , Andrè Freitas

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have been widely adopted in various fields, becoming essential for autonomous decision-making and interactive tasks. However, current work typically relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shangheng Du , Jiabao Zhao , Jinxin Shi , Zhentao Xie , Xin Jiang , Yanhong Bai , Liang He
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