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Novel diffusion models can synthesize photo-realistic images with integrated high-quality text. Surprisingly, we demonstrate through attention activation patching that only less than $1$% of diffusion models' parameters, all contained in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Łukasz Staniszewski , Bartosz Cywiński , Franziska Boenisch , Kamil Deja , Adam Dziedzic

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering advantages such as accelerated parallel decoding and bidirectional context modeling. However, the vanilla…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Runchu Tian , Junxia Cui , Xueqiang Xu , Feng Yao , Jingbo Shang

Masked diffusion language models enable parallel token generation and offer improved decoding efficiency over autoregressive models. However, their performance degrades significantly when generating multiple tokens simultaneously, due to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Houxing Ren , Mingjie Zhan , Zimu Lu , Ke Wang , Yunqiao Yang , Haotian Hou , Junting Pan , Hongsheng Li

Autoregressive language models trained with next-token prediction generate text by sampling one discrete token at a time. Although very scalable, this objective forces the model to commit at every step, preventing it from exploring or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lorenzo Noci , Gregor Bachmann , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Moin Nabi

We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Mask-based Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) struggle to revise incorrect tokens: once a token is generated, it typically remains fixed. The key challenge is to identify potential errors in the inputs. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zemin Huang , Yuhang Wang , Zhiyang Chen , Guo-Jun Qi

Language models generate responses by producing a series of tokens in immediate succession: the $(K+1)^{th}$ token is an outcome of manipulating $K$ hidden vectors per layer, one vector per preceding token. What if instead we were to let…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sachin Goyal , Ziwei Ji , Ankit Singh Rawat , Aditya Krishna Menon , Sanjiv Kumar , Vaishnavh Nagarajan

Diffusion models have achieved great success in modeling continuous data modalities such as images, audio, and video, but have seen limited use in discrete domains such as language. Recent attempts to adapt diffusion to language have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Justin Lovelace , Varsha Kishore , Chao Wan , Eliot Shekhtman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

In recent years, diffusion based methods have emerged as a powerful paradigm for generative modeling. Although discrete diffusion for natural language processing has been explored to a lesser extent, it shows promise for tasks requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Andrew Kiruluta , Andreas Lemos

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating strong potential for large language models (LLMs). Unlike conventional autoregressive (AR) models that generate tokens sequentially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai

Diffusion-based large language models offer a non-autoregressive alternative for text generation, but enabling them to perform complex reasoning remains challenging. Reinforcement learning has recently emerged as an effective post-training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shaoan Xie , Lingjing Kong , Xiangchen Song , Xinshuai Dong , Guangyi Chen , Eric P. Xing , Kun Zhang

Diffusion language models offer unique benefits over autoregressive models due to their potential for parallelized generation and controllability, yet they lag in likelihood modeling and are limited to fixed-length generation. In this work,…

Diffusion models emerged as a leading approach in text-to-image generation, producing high-quality images from textual descriptions. However, attempting to achieve detailed control to get a desired image solely through text remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Pablo Domingo-Gregorio , Javier Ruiz-Hidalgo

Recent advancements in diffusion models have notably improved the perceptual quality of generated images in text-to-image synthesis tasks. However, diffusion models often struggle to produce images that accurately reflect the intended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yang Zhang , Teoh Tze Tzun , Lim Wei Hern , Tiviatis Sim , Kenji Kawaguchi

Text-conditioned image generation models have recently shown immense qualitative success using denoising diffusion processes. However, unlike discriminative vision-and-language models, it is a non-trivial task to subject these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Benno Krojer , Elinor Poole-Dayan , Vikram Voleti , Christopher Pal , Siva Reddy

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

Transformers achieve unrivalled performance in modelling language, but remain inefficient in terms of memory and time complexity. A possible remedy is to reduce the sequence length in the intermediate layers by pooling fixed-length segments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Piotr Nawrot , Jan Chorowski , Adrian Łańcucki , Edoardo M. Ponti

Diffusion models have revolutionized generative tasks, especially in the domain of text-to-image synthesis; however, their iterative denoising process demands substantial computational resources. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xinle Cheng , Zhuoming Chen , Zhihao Jia

Autoregressive language models generate text one token at a time, yet natural language is inherently structured in multi-token units, including phrases, n-grams, and collocations that carry meaning jointly. This one-token bottleneck limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Shaobin Zhuang , Yuang Ai , Jiaming Han , Xiaohui Li , Huaibo Huang , Xiangyu Yue , Xuefeng Hu , Kun Xu , Yali Wang , Hao Chen

Current language models rely on static vocabularies determined at pretraining time, which can lead to decreased performance and increased computational cost for domains underrepresented in the original vocabulary. New tokens can be added to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Konstantin Dobler , Desmond Elliott , Gerard de Melo