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Recent experiments indicate a connection between the low- and high-frequency noise affecting superconducting quantum systems. We explore the possibilities that both noises can be produced by one ensemble of microscopic modes, made up, e.g.,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Shnirman , Gerd Schön , Ivar Martin , Yuriy Makhlin

Two-level systems (TLS) are known to be a dominant source of dissipation and decoherence in superconducting qubits. Superconducting resonators provide a convenient way to study TLS-induced loss due to easier design and fabrication in…

Superconducting qubit lifetimes must be both long and stable to provide an adequate foundation for quantum computing. This stability is imperiled by two-level systems (TLSs), currently a dominant loss mechanism, which exhibit slow spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Ted Thorbeck , Andrew Eddins , Isaac Lauer , Douglas T. McClure , Malcolm Carroll

We report spectroscopic measurements of discrete two-level systems (TLSs) coupled to a dc SQUID phase qubit with a 16 \mu\m2 area Al/AlOx/Al junction. Applying microwaves in the 10 GHz to 11 GHz range, we found eight avoided level crossings…

We investigate the impact of two-level systems (TLSs) on superconductivity, treating them as soft modes localised in real space. We show that these defects can either enhance or suppress the superconducting critical temperature, depending…

Under strong drives, which are becoming necessary for fast high-fidelity operations, transmons can be structurally unstable. Due to chaotic effects, the computational manifold is no longer well separated from the remainder of the spectrum,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Linda Greggio , Rémi Robin , Mazyar Mirrahimi , Alexandru Petrescu

We report on a method for detecting weakly coupled spurious two-level system fluctuators (TLSs) in superconducting qubits. This method is more sensitive that standard spectroscopic techniques for locating TLSs with a reduced data…

Superconductivity · Physics 2010-04-19 M. S. Allman , F. Altomare , J. D. Whittaker , K. Cicak , D. Li , A. Sirois , J. Strong , J. D. Teufel , R. W. Simmonds

Quantum sensors and qubits are usually two-level systems (TLS), the quantum analogs of classical bits which assume binary values '0' or '1'. They are useful to the extent to which they can persist in quantum superpositions of '0' and '1' in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 A. Beckert , M. Grimm , N. Wili , R. Tschaggelar , G. Jeschke , G. Matmon , S. Gerber , M. Müller , G. Aeppli

Motivated by recent surprising experimental results for the noise output of superconducting microfabricated resonators used in quantum computing applications and astronomy, we develop a fully quantum theoretical model to describe quantum…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-05-27 So Takei , Victor M. Galitski , Kevin D. Osborn

Superconducting qubits are often adversely affected by two-level systems (TLSs) within the Josephson junction, which contribute to decoherence and subsequently limit the performance of the qubit. By treating the TLS as a soft (i.e.,…

Two-level-system (TLS) defects in amorphous dielectrics are a major source of noise and decoherence in solid-state qubits. Gate-dependent non-Markovian errors caused by TLS-qubit coupling are detrimental to fault-tolerant quantum…

Material research is a key frontier in advancing superconducting qubit and circuit performance. In this work, we develop a simple and broadly applicable framework for accurately characterizing two-level system (TLS) loss using internal…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-07-17 Guy Moshel , Sergei Masis , Moshe Schechter , Shay Hacohen-Gourgy

Superconducting microwave resonators are critical to quantum computing and sensing technologies. Additionally, they are common proxies for superconducting qubits when determining the effects of performance-limiting loss mechanisms such as…

Quantum quench is a typical protocol in the study of nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems. Recently, a number of experiments with superconducting transmon qubits are reported, in which the spin and hard-core boson models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 H. S. Yan , Yong-Yi Wang , S. K. Zhao , Z. H. Yang , Z. T. Wang , Kai Xu , Ye Tian , H. F. Yu , Heng Fan , S. P. Zhao

Structural two level systems (TLSs) ubiquitous in amorphous solids are dramatically sensitive to thermal cycling to about $20$K and then back to low temperature, a process upon which the excitation energy of most TLSs is significantly…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-21 Yigal Reiss , Moshe Schechter

Two-level system (TLS) loss is typically limiting the coherence of superconducting quantum circuits. The loss induced by TLS defects is nonlinear, resulting in quality factors with a strong dependence on the circulating microwave power. We…

Temporal, spectral, and sample-to-sample fluctuations in coherence properties of qubits form an outstanding challenge for the development of upscaled fault-tolerant quantum computers. A ubiquitous source for these fluctuations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Shlomi Matityahu , Alexander Shnirman , Moshe Schechter

Quantum two-level systems (TLSs) commonly found at low temperature in amorphous and disordered materials are responsible for decoherence in superconducting Josephson junction qubits particularly because they absorb energy of coherent qubit…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-09 Alexander L. Burin

$1/f$ noise caused by microscopic Two-Level Systems (TLS) is known to be very detrimental to the performance of superconducting quantum devices but the nature of these TLS is still poorly understood. Recent experiments with superconducting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Jonathan Burnett , Lara Faoro , Tobias Lindstrom

We report on long-term measurements of a highly coherent, non-tunable superconducting transmon qubit, revealing low-frequency burst noise in coherence times and qubit transition frequency. We achieve this through a simultaneous measurement…