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Autoregressive language models (ARMs) suffer from the reversal curse: after learning ''$A$ is $B$,'' they often fail on the reverse query ''$B$ is $A$.'' Masked diffusion language models (MDMs) exhibit this failure in a much weaker form,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Moongyu Jeon , Sangwoo Shin , BumJun Kim , Kyelim Lee , Albert No

We present a masked diffusion language modeling framework for data-efficient training for the BabyLM 2025 Challenge. Our approach applies diffusion training objectives to language modeling under strict data constraints, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Despoina Kosmopoulou , Efthymios Georgiou , Vaggelis Dorovatas , Georgios Paraskevopoulos , Alexandros Potamianos

Standard masked discrete diffusion models face limitations in reasoning tasks due to their inability to correct their own mistakes on the masking path. Since they rely on a fixed number of denoising steps, they are unable to adjust their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Gregor Kornhardt , Jannis Chemseddine , Christian Wald , Gabriele Steidl

We introduce two pre-trained retrieval focused multilingual sentence encoding models, respectively based on the Transformer and CNN model architectures. The models embed text from 16 languages into a single semantic space using a multi-task…

While Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) relying on token masking and unmasking have shown promise in language modeling, their computational efficiency and generation flexibility remain constrained by the masking paradigm. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Fangyu Ding , Ding Ding , Sijin Chen , Kaibo Wang , Peng Xu , Zijin Feng , Haoli Bai , Kai Han , Youliang Yan , Binhang Yuan , Jiacheng Sun

Transformer-based autoregressive (AR) methods have achieved appealing performance for varied sequence-to-sequence generation tasks, e.g., neural machine translation, summarization, and code generation, but suffer from low inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Yisheng Xiao , Ruiyang Xu , Lijun Wu , Juntao Li , Tao Qin , Yan-Tie Liu , Min Zhang

Model inversion attacks (MIAs) aim to reconstruct private images from a target classifier's training set, thereby raising privacy concerns in AI applications. Previous GAN-based MIAs tend to suffer from inferior generative fidelity due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ouxiang Li , Yanbin Hao , Zhicai Wang , Bin Zhu , Shuo Wang , Zaixi Zhang , Fuli Feng

End-to-end (E2E) models have gained attention in the research field of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Many E2E models proposed so far assume left-to-right autoregressive generation of an output token sequence except for connectionist…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-17 Yuya Fujita , Shinji Watanabe , Motoi Omachi , Xuankai Chan

Autoregressive (AR) language models generate text one token at a time, which limits their inference speed. Diffusion-based language models offer a promising alternative, as they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, we identify a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yeongbin Seo , Dongha Lee , Jaehyung Kim , Jinyoung Yeo

This paper introduces UnDiff, a diffusion probabilistic model capable of solving various speech inverse tasks. Being once trained for speech waveform generation in an unconditional manner, it can be adapted to different tasks including…

The quality of the prompts provided to text-to-image diffusion models determines how faithful the generated content is to the user's intent, often requiring `prompt engineering'. To harness visual concepts from target images without prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Shweta Mahajan , Tanzila Rahman , Kwang Moo Yi , Leonid Sigal

The ability of machine learning models to store input information in hidden layer vector embeddings, analogous to the concept of `memory', is widely employed but not well characterized. We find that language model embeddings typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Benjamin L. Badger

Current vision systems typically assign fixed-length representations to images, regardless of the information content. This contrasts with human intelligence - and even large language models - which allocate varying representational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shivam Duggal , Phillip Isola , Antonio Torralba , William T. Freeman

In sequence-to-sequence Transformer ASR, autoregressive (AR) models achieve strong accuracy but suffer from slow decoding, while non-autoregressive (NAR) models enable parallel decoding at the cost of degraded performance. We propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Hao Yen , Pin-Jui Ku , Ante Jukić , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi

Although auto-regressive models excel in natural language processing, they often struggle to generate diverse text and provide limited controllability. Non-auto-regressive methods could be an alternative but often produce degenerate outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hyukhun Koh , Minha Jhang , Dohyung Kim , Sangmook Lee , Kyomin Jung

Using diffusion models to solve inverse problems is a growing field of research. Current methods assume the degradation to be known and provide impressive results in terms of restoration quality and diversity. In this work, we leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Charles Laroche , Andrés Almansa , Eva Coupete

Autoregressive decoding limits the efficiency of transformers for Machine Translation (MT). The community proposed specific network architectures and learning-based methods to solve this issue, which are expensive and require changes to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Andrea Santilli , Silvio Severino , Emilian Postolache , Valentino Maiorca , Michele Mancusi , Riccardo Marin , Emanuele Rodolà

Text-to-image diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality and diverse images. Building on these advancements, diffusion models have also demonstrated exceptional performance in text-guided image editing. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mingyu Kang , Yong Suk Choi

Image inpainting is a technique used to restore missing or damaged regions of an image. Traditional methods primarily utilize information from adjacent pixels for reconstructing missing areas, while they struggle to preserve complex details…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Junyan Zhang , Yan Li , Mengxiao Geng , Liu Shi , Qiegen Liu

In recent years, image generation has shown a great leap in performance, where diffusion models play a central role. Although generating high-quality images, such models are mainly conditioned on textual descriptions. This begs the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Guy Yariv , Itai Gat , Lior Wolf , Yossi Adi , Idan Schwartz