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Executive Summary: The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is the first astrophysics flagship mission with a key cross-divisional astrobiology science goal of searching for signs of life on rocky planets beyond our solar system. The Living…

The Habitable Worlds Observatory is the first telescope ever designed to search for life and will be a powerhouse of discovery across topics in astrophysics. The observatory was the top recommendation of the Astro2020 Decadal Survey for…

Exoplanet atmosphere characterization has seen revolutionary advances over the last few years, providing us with unique insights into atmospheric chemistry, dynamics and planet formation mechanisms. However, true solar system analog planets…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-13 Joanna K. Barstow , Beth Biller , Mei Ting Mak , Sarah Rugheimer , Amaury Triaud , Hannah R. Wakeford

Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will be NASA's flagship space telescope of the 2040s, designed to search for life on other planets and to transform broad areas of astrophysics. NASA are seeking international partners, and the UK is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-19 Vincent Van Eylen , Richard Massey , Saeeda Awan , Jo Bartlett , Louisa Bradley , Andrei Bubutanu , Kan Chen , Andrew Coates , Mark Cropper , Ross Dobson , Fabiola Antonietta Gerosa , Emery Grahill-Bland , Leah Grant , Daisuke Kawata , Tom Kennedy , Minjae Kim , Adriana Adelina Mihailescu , Jan-Peter Muller , Georgios Nicolaou , Mathew Page , Paola Pinilla , Louisa Preston , Ted Pyne , Hamish Reid , Santiago Velez Salazar , Jason L. Sanders , Giorgio Savini , Ralph Schoenrich , George Seabroke , Alan Smith , Philip J. Smith , Nicolas Tessore , Marina Ventikos , Esa Vilenius , Francesca Waines , Silvia Zane , James Betts , Sownak Bose , Cyril Borgsom , Shaun Cole , Jessica E. Doppel , Vincent Eke , Carlos Frenk , Leo W. H. Fung , Qiuhan He , Mathilde Jauzac , Owen Jessop , Zane Deon Lentz , Gavin Leroy , Simon Morris , Yuan Ren , Jurgen Schmoll , Ray Sharples , Fionagh Thomson , Maximilian von Wietersheim-Kramsta , Kai Wang , Stephane V. Werner , Subhajit Sarkar , Jacob Kegerreis , James Kirk , Subhanjoy Mohanty , John Southworth , John Philip Stott , Ashley King , James W. Nightingale , David Rosario , Paola Tiranti , Edward Gillen , Cynthia S. K. Ho , Christopher Watson , Andrzej Fludra , Chris Pearson , Yun-Hang Cho , Yu Tao , Joanna Barstow , James Bowen , Chris Castelli , Chiaki Crews , Angaraj Duara , Mark Fox-Powell , David Hall , Carole Haswell , Kit-Hung Mark Lee , Joan Requena , Anabel Romero , Jesper Skottfelt , Konstantin Stefanov , Olivia Jones , Sean McGee , Annelies Mortier , Graham P. Smith , Amalie Stokholm , Amaury Triaud , Becky Alexis-Martin , Malcolm Bremer , Katy L. Chubb , Joshua Ford , Ben Maughan , Daniel Valentine , Hannah Wakeford , Juan Paolo Lorenzo Gerardo Barrios , Chandan Bhat , Xander Byrne , Gregory Cooke , Natalie B. Hogg , Nikku Madhusudhan , Maximilian Sommer , Sandro Tacchella , Georgios N. Vassilakis , Nicholas Walton , Mark Wyatt , Manoj Joshi , Beth Biller , Mariangela Bonavita , Trent Dupuy , Aiza Kenzhebekova , Brian P. Murphy , Vincent Okoth , Cyrielle Opitom , Larissa Palethorpe , Paul Palmer , Mia Belle Parkinson , Ken Rice , Sarah Rugheimer , Colin Snodgrass , Ben J. Sutlieff , Souradeep Bhattacharya , Emma Curtis-Lake , Jan Forbrich , Darshan Kakkad , David J. Lagattuta , Brian Ongeri Momanyi Bichang'a , Peter Scicluna , Richard Booth , Martin Barstow , Sarah Casewell , Leigh Fletcher , Anushka Sharma , Christopher J. Conselice , Suzanne Aigrain , Jayne Birkby , Claire Guimond , Carly Howett , Mei Ting Mak , Richard Palin , Chris Pattison , Richard Robinson , Samantha Youles , Andrew Collier Cameron , Justin Read , David John Armstrong , David J. A. Brown , Mikkel N. Lund , Andrew Robertson , Pierre-Olivier Lagage , Lígia F. Coelho , Preethi R. Karpoor , Enric Palle , Leen Decin , Denis Defrère , Kaustubh Hakim , Swara Ravindranath , Jason Rhodes , Marc Postman , Iain Neill Reid , Fabien Malbet , Amirnezam Amiri , Marrick Braam , Qiuhan He , Haakon Dahle , Angharad Weeks

NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will be the first space telescope capable of directly imaging Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars to probe their atmospheres for signs of life. Now in its early stages of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-30 Katie E. Painter , Brendan P. Bowler , Kyle Franson , Juliette C. Becker , Jennifer A. Burt

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will enable a transformative leap in the direct imaging and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets. For this, NASA is focusing on early investment in technology development prior to mission…

Characterizing the surface and atmosphere of Earth-like planets in reflected light is a key goal for upcoming direct imaging surveys. NASA's next flagship-class astrophysics mission concept, the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-27 Aiden S. Zelakiewicz , Elijah Mullens , Lisa Kaltenegger , Dmitry Savransky

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will be a large ultraviolet/optical/near-infrared space telescope operating at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2. HWO was highly recommended by the National Academies` 2020 decadal survey and will be the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Grace Sweetak , Breann Sitarski , Kevin France , Randall McEntaffer , Richard Cartwright

The Habitable Worlds Observatory Preliminary Input Catalog (HPIC) is a list of ~13,000 nearby bright stars that will be potential targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) in its search for Earth-sized planets around Sun-like…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-14 Noah Tuchow , Chris Stark , Eric Mamajek

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is the first NASA Astrophysics flagship mission with a key science goal of searching for signs of life on rocky habitable exoplanets beyond our solar system. The Living Worlds Community Working Group…

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) aims to characterize habitable exoplanets in search of signs of life. However, detectable life may be rare, either because abiogenesis is intrinsically contingent and unlikely, or because biospheres…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Sukrit Ranjan , Danica Adams , Michael Wong , Martin Schlecker , Nicholas Wogan , Jessica M. Weber

The search for life beyond the Solar System remains a primary goal of current and near-future missions, including NASA's upcoming Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). However, research into determining the habitability of terrestrial…

One of the key goals of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is to directly image about 25 potentially habitable exoplanets and determine their properties. This challenge will require a large survey of nearby, bright stars -- ~100…

The HWO Target Stars and Systems 2025 (TSS25) list is a community-developed catalog of potential stellar targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) in its survey to directly image Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone. The TSS25…

The search for technosignatures--remotely detectable evidence of extraterrestrial technology--draws upon examples from the recent history of Earth as well as projections of Earth's technosphere. Facilities like the Habitable Worlds…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Jacob Haqq-Misra , Ravi Kopparapu , George Profitiliotis

Visible and ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy of Solar System giant planets can set the paradigm for the atmospheric, ionospheric, and magnetospheric processes shaping the diversity of giant exoplanets, brown dwarfs, and their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-22 Leigh N. Fletcher , Amy Simon , Michael H. Wong , Jonathan D. Nichols , Nick A. Teanby , Conor A. Nixon , Marina Galand

Future direct-imaging flagship missions, such as NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), face critical decisions in prioritizing observations due to extremely stringent time and resource constraints. In this paper, we introduce two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mark Moussa , Amber V. Young , Brianna Isola , Vasuda Trehan , Michael D. Himes , Nicholas Wogan , Giada Arney

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s. For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficiently to enable an affordable space-based telescope mission…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-28 B. Scott Gaudi , Sara Seager , Bertrand Mennesson , Alina Kiessling , Keith Warfield , Kerri Cahoy , John T. Clarke , Shawn Domagal-Goldman , Lee Feinberg , Olivier Guyon , Jeremy Kasdin , Dimitri Mawet , Peter Plavchan , Tyler Robinson , Leslie Rogers , Paul Scowen , Rachel Somerville , Karl Stapelfeldt , Christopher Stark , Daniel Stern , Margaret Turnbull , Rashied Amini , Gary Kuan , Stefan Martin , Rhonda Morgan , David Redding , H. Philip Stahl , Ryan Webb , Oscar Alvarez-Salazar , William L. Arnold , Manan Arya , Bala Balasubramanian , Mike Baysinger , Ray Bell , Chris Below , Jonathan Benson , Lindsey Blais , Jeff Booth , Robert Bourgeois , Case Bradford , Alden Brewer , Thomas Brooks , Eric Cady , Mary Caldwell , Rob Calvet , Steven Carr , Derek Chan , Velibor Cormarkovic , Keith Coste , Charlie Cox , Rolf Danner , Jacqueline Davis , Larry Dewell , Lisa Dorsett , Daniel Dunn , Matthew East , Michael Effinger , Ron Eng , Greg Freebury , Jay Garcia , Jonathan Gaskin , Suzan Greene , John Hennessy , Evan Hilgemann , Brad Hood , Wolfgang Holota , Scott Howe , Pei Huang , Tony Hull , Ron Hunt , Kevin Hurd , Sandra Johnson , Andrew Kissil , Brent Knight , Daniel Kolenz , Oliver Kraus , John Krist , Mary Li , Doug Lisman , Milan Mandic , John Mann , Luis Marchen , Colleen Marrese-Reading , Jonathan McCready , Jim McGown , Jessica Missun , Andrew Miyaguchi , Bradley Moore , Bijan Nemati , Shouleh Nikzad , Joel Nissen , Megan Novicki , Todd Perrine , Claudia Pineda , Otto Polanco , Dustin Putnam , Atif Qureshi , Michael Richards , A. J. Eldorado Riggs , Michael Rodgers , Mike Rud , Navtej Saini , Dan Scalisi , Dan Scharf , Kevin Schulz , Gene Serabyn , Norbert Sigrist , Glory Sikkia , Andrew Singleton , Stuart Shaklan , Scott Smith , Bart Southerd , Mark Stahl , John Steeves , Brian Sturges , Chris Sullivan , Hao Tang , Neil Taras , Jonathan Tesch , Melissa Therrell , Howard Tseng , Marty Valente , David Van Buren , Juan Villalvazo , Steve Warwick , David Webb , Thomas Westerhoff , Rush Wofford , Gordon Wu , Jahning Woo , Milana Wood , John Ziemer , Giada Arney , Jay Anderson , Jesús Maíz-Apellániz , James Bartlett , Ruslan Belikov , Eduardo Bendek , Brad Cenko , Ewan Douglas , Shannon Dulz , Chris Evans , Virginie Faramaz , Y. Katherina Feng , Harry Ferguson , Kate Follette , Saavik Ford , Miriam García , Marla Geha , Dawn Gelino , Ylva Götberg , Sergi Hildebrandt , Renyu Hu , Knud Jahnke , Grant Kennedy , Laura Kreidberg , Andrea Isella , Eric Lopez , Franck Marchis , Lucas Macri , Mark Marley , William Matzko , Johan Mazoyer , Stephan McCandliss , Tiffany Meshkat , Christoph Mordasini , Patrick Morris , Eric Nielsen , Patrick Newman , Erik Petigura , Marc Postman , Amy Reines , Aki Roberge , Ian Roederer , Garreth Ruane , Edouard Schwieterman , Dan Sirbu , Christopher Spalding , Harry Teplitz , Jason Tumlinson , Neal Turner , Jessica Werk , Aida Wofford , Mark Wyatt , Amber Young , Rob Zellem

Exoplanetary science is increasingly prioritizing efforts toward direct imaging of planetary systems, with emphasis on those that may enable the detection and characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets. The recent 2020 Astronomy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-02 Stephen R. Kane , Zhexing Li , Margaret C. Turnbull , Courtney D. Dressing , Caleb K. Harada

Astrometry, one of the oldest branches of astronomy, has been revolutionized by missions like Hipparcos and especially Gaia, which mapped billions of stars with extraordinary precision. However, challenges such as detecting Earth-like…

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