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Background: The rapid integration of foundation models into clinical practice and public health necessitates a rigorous evaluation of their true clinical reasoning capabilities beyond narrow examination success. Current benchmarks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dingyu Wang , Zimu Yuan , Jiajun Liu , Shanggui Liu , Nan Zhou , Tianxing Xu , Di Huang , Dong Jiang

While Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) are rapidly advancing towards generalist robot policies, it remains difficult to quantitatively understand their limits and failure modes. To address this, we introduce a comprehensive benchmark…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Borong Zhang , Jiahao Li , Jiachen Shen , Yishuai Cai , Yuhao Zhang , Yuanpei Chen , Juntao Dai , Jiaming Ji , Yaodong Yang

Visual Foundation Models (VFMs), such as DINO and CLIP, excel in semantic understanding of images but exhibit limited spatial reasoning capabilities, which limits their applicability to embodied systems. As a result, recent work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Turhan Can Kargin , Wojciech Jasiński , Adam Pardyl , Bartosz Zieliński , Marcin Przewięźlikowski

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved performance on tasks such as visual grounding and visual question answering. However, the reasoning processes of these models remain largely opaque;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Haobo Yuan , Yueyi Sun , Yanwei Li , Tao Zhang , Xueqing Deng , Henghui Ding , Lu Qi , Anran Wang , Xiangtai Li , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) suffer from pronounced hallucinations in remote sensing visual question-answering (RS-VQA), primarily caused by visual grounding failures in large-scale scenes or misinterpretation of fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yi Liu , Jing Zhang , Di Wang , Xiaoyu Tian , Haonan Guo , Bo Du

Reasoning benchmarks such as the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and ARC-AGI are widely used to assess progress in artificial intelligence and are often interpreted as probes of core, so-called ``fluid'' reasoning abilities. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xinhe Wang , Jin Huang , Xingjian Zhang , Tianhao Wang , Jiaqi W. Ma

Visual Language Action (VLA) models are a multi-modal class of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that integrate visual perception, natural language understanding, and action planning to enable agents to interpret their environment,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Pablo Valle , Chengjie Lu , Shaukat Ali , Aitor Arrieta

The emerging field of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) for humanoid robots faces several fundamental challenges, including the high cost of data acquisition, the lack of a standardized benchmark, and the significant gap between simulation and…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Radar is a key component of the suite of perception sensors used for safe and reliable navigation of autonomous vehicles. Its unique capabilities include high-resolution velocity imaging, detection of agents in occlusion and over long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Arvind Srivastav , Soumyajit Mandal

Current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in general visual reasoning but remain underexplored in Abstract Visual Reasoning (AVR), which demands higher-order reasoning to identify abstract rules beyond simple perception.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yanbei Jiang , Yihao Ding , Chao Lei , Jiayang Ao , Jey Han Lau , Krista A. Ehinger

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models rely on current observations, including images, language instructions, and robot states, to predict actions and complete tasks. While accurate visual perception is crucial for precise action prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cheng Yang , Jianhao Jiao , Lingyi Huang , Jinqi Xiao , Zhexiang Tang , Yu Gong , Yibiao Ying , Yang Sui , Jintian Lin , Wen Huang , Bo Yuan

Building on recent advances in language-based reasoning models, we explore multimodal reasoning that integrates vision and text. Existing multimodal benchmarks primarily test visual extraction combined with text-based reasoning, lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mert Unsal , Aylin Akkus

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

Anomaly detection is a core capability for robotic perception and industrial inspection, yet most existing benchmarks are collected under controlled conditions with fixed viewpoints and stable illumination, failing to reflect real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kaichen Zhou , Xinhai Chang , Taewhan Kim , Jiadong Zhang , Yang Cao , Chufei Peng , Fangneng Zhan , Hao Zhao , Hao Dong , Kai Ming Ting , Ye Zhu

Reliable benchmarking is critical for advancing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, as it reveals their generalization, robustness, and alignment of perception with language-driven manipulation tasks. However, existing benchmarks often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Guodong Wang , Chenkai Zhang , Qingjie Liu , Jinjin Zhang , Jiancheng Cai , Junjie Liu , Xinmin Liu

3D visual grounding is a challenging task that often requires direct and dense supervision, notably the semantic label for each object in the scene. In this paper, we instead study the naturally supervised setting that learns from only 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Chun Feng , Joy Hsu , Weiyu Liu , Jiajun Wu

Search relevance plays a central role in web e-commerce. While large language models (LLMs) have shown significant results on relevance task, existing benchmarks lack sufficient complexity for comprehensive model assessment, resulting in an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Chenji Lu , Zhuo Chen , Hui Zhao , Zhenyi Wang , Pengjie Wang , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu

Spatial cognition is essential for human intelligence, enabling problem-solving through visual simulations rather than solely relying on verbal reasoning. However, existing AI benchmarks primarily assess verbal reasoning, neglecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Linjie Li , Mahtab Bigverdi , Jiawei Gu , Zixian Ma , Yinuo Yang , Ziang Li , Yejin Choi , Ranjay Krishna

We present Voice Evaluation of Reasoning Ability (VERA), a benchmark for evaluating reasoning ability in voice-interactive systems under real-time conversational constraints. VERA comprises 2,931 voice-native episodes derived from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Yueqian Lin , Zhengmian Hu , Qinsi Wang , Yudong Liu , Hengfan Zhang , Jayakumar Subramanian , Nikos Vlassis , Hai Helen Li , Yiran Chen