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While current network intrusion detection systems achieve satisfactory accuracy, they often lack explainability. Subgroup Discovery (SD) addresses this by building interpretable rules that characterize feature interactions associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Samuel Spell , Chi-Ren Shyu

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) provides a versatile framework for representing NP-hard combinatorial problems, yet existing solvers often face trade-offs among speed, accuracy, and scalability. In this work, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Jiecheng Yang , Ding Wang , Xiang Zhao , Hairui Zhang , Ming Gao , Lin Yang

We aim to advance the state-of-the-art in Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization formulation with a focus on cryptography algorithms. As the minimal QUBO encoding of the linear constraints of optimization problems emerges as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Gregory Morse , Tamás Kozsik , Oskar Mencer , Peter Rakyta

Partitioning transportation networks into balanced and spatially coherent traffic zones is a fundamental yet computationally challenging task in intelligent transportation systems. The resulting optimization problem exhibits dense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ruimin Ke , Talha Azfar , Kaicong Huang , Shuyang Li

There exist numerous problems in nature inherently described by finite $D$-dimensional states. Formulating these problems for execution on qubit-based quantum hardware requires mapping the qudit Hilbert space to that of multiqubit which may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Shakib Daryanoosh

Due to the expected disparity in quantum vs. classical clock speeds, quantum advantage for branch and bound algorithms is more likely achievable in settings involving large search trees and low operator evaluation costs. Therefore, in this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Thomas Häner , Kyle E. C. Booth , Sima E. Borujeni , Elton Yechao Zhu

Here, we present two complementary approaches that advance quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) toward practical use in data-driven materials design and other real-valued black-box optimization tasks. First, we introduce a…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-15 Thomas Plehn , Daniel Barragan-Yani , Eric Breitbarth , Guillermo Requena , David Melching

Quantum annealing technologies aim to solve computational optimization and sampling problems. QPU (Quantum Processing Unit) machines such as the D-Wave system use the QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) formula to define…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-28 Toufan D. Tambunan , Andriyan B. Suksmono , Ian J. M. Edward , Rahmat Mulyawan

Current hardware limitations restrict the potential when solving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) or quantum annealing (QA). Thus, we consider training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-30 Thomas Gabor , Sebastian Feld , Hila Safi , Thomy Phan , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The D-Wave quantum annealing machine can quickly find the optimal solution for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO). One of the applications where the use of quantum annealing is desired is in problems requiring rapid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Reo Shikanai , Masayuki Ohzeki , Kazuyuki Tanaka

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is the standard interface to quantum annealers, yet a single constrained task admits many QUBO encodings whose penalty choices reshape the energy landscape experienced by hardware. We study…

This paper explores the applications of quantum annealing (QA) and classical simulated annealing (SA) to a suite of combinatorial optimization problems in machine learning, namely feature selection, instance selection, and clustering. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Chloe Pomeroy , Aleksandar Pramov , Karishma Thakrar , Lakshmi Yendapalli

In machine learning, fewer features reduce model complexity. Carefully assessing the influence of each input feature on the model quality is therefore a crucial preprocessing step. We propose a novel feature selection algorithm based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Sascha Mücke , Raoul Heese , Sabine Müller , Moritz Wolter , Nico Piatkowski

Critical decision-making issues in science, engineering, and industry are based on combinatorial optimization; however, its application is inherently limited by the NP-hard nature of the problem. A specialized paradigm of analogue quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Rudraksh Sharma , Ravi Katukam , Arjun Nagulapally

The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a widely studied quantum-classical iterative heuristic for combinatorial optimisation. While QAOA targets problems in complexity class NP, the classical optimisation procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Tom Krüger , Wolfgang Mauerer

Annealing machines specialized for combinatorial optimization problems have been developed, and some companies offer services to use those machines. Such specialized machines can only handle binary variables, and their input format is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Yuki Furue , Makiko Konoshima , Hirotaka Tamura , Jun Ohkubo

Quantum annealers offer a promising hardware platform for solving combinatorial optimization problems, especially those formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). In this work, we propose PDQUBO (Performance-Driven…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jiayang Niu , Jie Li , Ke Deng , Mark Sanderson , Nicola Ferro , Yongli Ren

We propose a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation of rectified linear unit (ReLU) type functions. Different from the q-loss function proposed by Denchev et al. (2012), a simple discussion based on the Legendre…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-08 Go Sato , Makiko Konoshima , Takuya Ohwa , Hirotaka Tamura , Jun Ohkubo

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) transforms a simple many-qubit wavefunction into one which encodes a solution to a difficult classical optimization problem. It does this by optimizing the schedule according to which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Yunlong Yu , Chenfeng Cao , Carter Dewey , Xiang-Bin Wang , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt