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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, their outputs often exhibit social biases, raising fairness concerns. Existing debiasing methods, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yujie Lin , Kunquan Li , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Jinsong Su

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieved external knowledge has proven effective for improving the factual accuracy of generated responses. Despite their success, retrieval-augmented LLMs still face the distractibility issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zexuan Qiu , Zijing Ou , Bin Wu , Jingjing Li , Aiwei Liu , Irwin King

Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yue Yu , Yuchen Zhuang , Jieyu Zhang , Yu Meng , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang

Grounded on pre-trained language models (PLMs), dense retrieval has been studied extensively on plain text. In contrast, there has been little research on retrieving data with multiple aspects using dense models. In the scenarios such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Xiaojie Sun , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Xinyu Ma , Fan Yixing , Hongyu Shan , Qishen Zhang , Zhongyi Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented success due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, because they depend on knowledge encapsulated from training corpora, they may produce hallucinations, stereotypes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Rui Chu , Bingyin Zhao , Thanh Quoc Hung Le , Duy Cao Hoang , Huawei Lin , Ping Li , Weijie Zhao , Khoa D Doan , Yingjie Lao

Large language models (LLMs) generally utilize a consistent data distribution throughout the pretraining process. However, as the model's capability improves, it is intuitive that its data preferences dynamically change, indicating the need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuemiao Zhang , Liangyu Xu , Feiyu Duan , Yongwei Zhou , Sirui Wang , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

In-context learning (ICL), teaching a large language model (LLM) to perform a task with few-shot demonstrations rather than adjusting the model parameters, has emerged as a strong paradigm for using LLMs. While early studies primarily used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Man Luo , Xin Xu , Zhuyun Dai , Panupong Pasupat , Mehran Kazemi , Chitta Baral , Vaiva Imbrasaite , Vincent Y Zhao

In recent years, dense retrieval has been the focus of information retrieval (IR) research. While effective, dense retrieval produces uninterpretable dense vectors, and suffers from the drawback of large index size. Learned sparse retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Zhichao Xu , Aosong Feng , Yijun Tian , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong

Pretraining Neural Language Models (NLMs) over a large corpus involves chunking the text into training examples, which are contiguous text segments of sizes processable by the neural architecture. We highlight a bias introduced by this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yoav Levine , Noam Wies , Daniel Jannai , Dan Navon , Yedid Hoshen , Amnon Shashua

Over recent years, an increasing amount of compute and data has been poured into training large language models (LLMs), usually by doing one-pass learning on as many tokens as possible randomly selected from large-scale web corpora. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Kushal Tirumala , Daniel Simig , Armen Aghajanyan , Ari S. Morcos

In this paper we present Large Language Model Assisted Retrieval Model Ranking (LARMOR), an effective unsupervised approach that leverages LLMs for selecting which dense retriever to use on a test corpus (target). Dense retriever selection…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ekaterina Khramtsova , Shengyao Zhuang , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh , Guido Zuccon

Automated evaluation leveraging large language models (LLMs), commonly referred to as LLM evaluators or LLM-as-a-judge, has been widely used in measuring the performance of dialogue systems. However, the self-preference bias in LLMs has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Koki Wataoka , Tsubasa Takahashi , Ryokan Ri

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant biases in evaluation tasks, particularly in preferentially rating and favoring self-generated content. However, the extent to which this bias manifests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yen-Shan Chen , Jing Jin , Peng-Ting Kuo , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language processing (NLP) tasks. As real-world applications increasingly demand longer context windows, continued pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yingming Zheng , Hanqi Li , Kai Yu , Lu Chen

The output tendencies of Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) vary markedly before and after Fine-Tuning (FT) due to the updates to the model parameters. These divergences in output tendencies result in a gap in the social biases of PLMs. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala , Timothy Baldwin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in information systems, including being used as second-stage rerankers in information retrieval pipelines, yet their susceptibility to recency bias has received little attention. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hanpei Fang , Sijie Tao , Nuo Chen , Kai-Xin Chang , Tetsuya Sakai

Ranking has always been one of the top concerns in information retrieval research. For decades, lexical matching signal has dominated the ad-hoc retrieval process, but it also has inherent defects, such as the vocabulary mismatch problem.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Jingtao Zhan , Jiaxin Mao , Yiqun Liu , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

To improve Multi-step Mathematical Reasoning (MsMR) of Large Language Models (LLMs), it is crucial to obtain scalable supervision from the corpus by automatically critiquing mistakes in the reasoning process of MsMR and rendering a final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Changyuan Tian , Zhicong Lu , Shuang Qian , Nayu Liu , Peiguang Li , Li Jin , Leiyi Hu , Zhizhao Zeng , Sirui Wang , Ke Zeng , Zhi Guo

In the realms of computer vision and natural language processing, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become indispensable tools, proficient in generating textual responses based on visual inputs. Despite their advancements, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 YiFan Zhang , Yang Shi , Weichen Yu , Qingsong Wen , Xue Wang , Wenjing Yang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin

Natural Language Inference (NLI) models are known to learn from biases and artefacts within their training data, impacting how well they generalise to other unseen datasets. Existing de-biasing approaches focus on preventing the models from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Joe Stacey , Yonatan Belinkov , Marek Rei