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Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have recently shown impressive progress in speech recognition, audio captioning, and auditory question answering. Yet, whether these models can perceive spatial dynamics, particularly the motion of sound…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhe Sun , Yujun Cai , Jiayu Yao , Yiwei Wang

With advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs), which enhance large language models (LLMs) with auditory capabilities, these models are expected to demonstrate universal proficiency across various auditory tasks. While numerous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Chih-Kai Yang , Neo S. Ho , Hung-yi Lee

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive general audio understanding, but once deployed, they are static and fail to improve with new real-world audio data. As traditional supervised fine-tuning is costly, we introduce a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Haoyu Zhang , Jiaxian Guo , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

As audio-first agents become increasingly common in physical AI, conversational robots, and screenless wearables, audio large language models (audio-LLMs) must integrate speaker-specific understanding to support user authorization,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-15 KiHyun Nam , Jungwoo Heo , Siu Bae , Ha-Jin Yu , Joon Son Chung

We introduce AudioPaLM, a large language model for speech understanding and generation. AudioPaLM fuses text-based and speech-based language models, PaLM-2 [Anil et al., 2023] and AudioLM [Borsos et al., 2022], into a unified multimodal…

Inspired by the insights in cognitive science with respect to human memory and reasoning mechanism, a novel evolvable LLM-based (Large Language Model) agent framework is proposed as REMEMBERER. By equipping the LLM with a long-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Danyang Zhang , Lu Chen , Situo Zhang , Hongshen Xu , Zihan Zhao , Kai Yu

Existing Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). While they achieve remarkable performance on challenging tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Spatial sound reasoning is a fundamental human skill, enabling us to navigate and interpret our surroundings based on sound. In this paper we present BAT, which combines the spatial sound perception ability of a binaural acoustic scene…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Zhisheng Zheng , Puyuan Peng , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Eunsol Choi , David Harwath

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are rapidly advancing, but evaluating them remains challenging due to inefficient and non-standardized toolkits that limit fair comparison and systematic assessment. Existing evaluation frameworks exhibit…

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive performance across diverse tasks, ranging from speech recognition to general audio understanding. However, their scalability is limited by the quadratic complexity of attention and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Samuel Thomas , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

Finding ways to accelerate text input for individuals with profound motor impairments has been a long-standing area of research. Closing the speed gap for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices such as eye-tracking…

Large language models (LLMs) excel at knowledge-intensive question answering and reasoning, yet their real-world deployment remains constrained by knowledge cutoff, hallucination, and limited interaction modalities. Augmenting LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Daocheng Fu , Jianbiao Mei , Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Cheng Yang , Rong Wu , Tao Hu , Siqi Li , Yufan Shen , Xinyu Cai , Pinlong Cai , Botian Shi , Yong Liu , Yu Qiao

Recent literature uses language to build foundation models for audio. These Audio-Language Models (ALMs) are trained on a vast number of audio-text pairs and show remarkable performance in tasks including Text-to-Audio Retrieval,…

Audio deep reasoning is a challenging task that requires expert-level perception, multi-step logical inference, and the integration of contextual knowledge. However, existing models suffer from a gap between audio perception and reasoning…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yan Rong , Chenxing Li , Dong Yu , Li Liu

Instilling reasoning capabilities in large models (LMs) using reasoning training (RT) significantly improves LMs' performances. Thus Audio Reasoning Models (ARMs), i.e., audio LMs that can reason, are becoming increasingly popular. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Tiansheng Huang , Virat Shejwalkar , Oscar Chang , Milad Nasr , Ling Liu

Denoising language models (DLMs) have been proposed as a powerful alternative to traditional language models (LMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR), motivated by their ability to use bidirectional context and adapt to a specific ASR…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dorian Koch , Albert Zeyer , Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

The Retrieval-Augmented Language Model (RALM) has shown remarkable performance on knowledge-intensive tasks by incorporating external knowledge during inference, which mitigates the factual hallucinations inherited in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuan Xia , Jingbo Zhou , Zhenhui Shi , Jun Chen , Haifeng Huang

Recent advances in reasoning models have driven significant progress in text and multimodal domains, yet audio reasoning remains relatively limited. Only a few Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) incorporate explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Longhao Li , Hongjie Chen , Zehan Li , Qihan Hu , Jian Kang , Jie Li , Lei Xie , Yongxiang Li

The development of LLMs has greatly enhanced the intelligence and fluency of question answering, while the emergence of retrieval enhancement has enabled models to better utilize external information. However, the presence of noise and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Xingyun Hong , Yan Shao , Zhilin Wang , Manni Duan , Jin Xiongnan

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to extend their utility, enabling them to solve practical tasks. Previous methods manually parse tool documentation and create in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Lingyong Yan , Yue Feng , Xiuyi Chen , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren