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Reinforcement learning algorithms struggle on tasks with complex hierarchical dependency structures. Humans and other intelligent agents do not waste time assessing the utility of every high-level action in existence, but instead only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Robby Costales , Shariq Iqbal , Fei Sha

Recent advances in large language models have led to strong performance on reasoning and environment-interaction tasks, yet their ability for creative problem-solving remains underexplored. We study this capability through the lens of…

Object affordance reasoning, the ability to infer object functionalities based on physical properties, is fundamental for task-oriented planning and activities in both humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI). This capability, required for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Xiaomeng Zhu , Yuyang Li , Leiyao Cui , Pengfei Li , Huan-ang Gao , Yixin Zhu , Hao Zhao

Large-scale task planning is a major challenge. Recent work exploits large language models (LLMs) directly as a policy and shows surprisingly interesting results. This paper shows that LLMs provide a commonsense model of the world in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zirui Zhao , Wee Sun Lee , David Hsu

Designing robotic agents to perform open vocabulary tasks has been the long-standing goal in robotics and AI. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in creating robotic agents for performing open vocabulary…

Affordances are key attributes of what must be perceived by an autonomous robotic agent in order to effectively interact with novel objects. Historically, the concept derives from the literature in psychology and cognitive science, where…

3D Affordance detection is a challenging problem with broad applications on various robotic tasks. Existing methods typically formulate the detection paradigm as a label-based semantic segmentation task. This paradigm relies on predefined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Hengshuo Chu , Xiang Deng , Qi Lv , Xiaoyang Chen , Yinchuan Li , Jianye Hao , Liqiang Nie

Language agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in automating web-based tasks. Recent work has shown that incorporating advanced planning algorithms, e.g., tree search, is advantageous over reactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Gu , Kai Zhang , Yuting Ning , Boyuan Zheng , Boyu Gou , Tianci Xue , Cheng Chang , Sanjari Srivastava , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Robot planning in partially observable environments, where not all objects are known or visible, is a challenging problem, as it requires reasoning under uncertainty through partially observable Markov decision processes. During the…

Negotiation requires more than inferring what the other side wants: it requires using that information to make advantageous offers and counteroffers over multiple turns. We study whether large language model (LLM) agents do this in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Romain Cosentino , Sarath Shekkizhar , Adam Earle , Silvio Savarese

Planning with a learned model is arguably a key component of intelligence. There are several challenges in realizing such a component in large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) problems. One such challenge is dealing effectively with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Vivek Veeriah , Zeyu Zheng , Richard Lewis , Satinder Singh

While many quality metrics exist to evaluate the quality of a grasp by itself, no clear quantification of the quality of a grasp relatively to the task the grasp is used for has been defined yet. In this paper we propose a framework to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Luca Cavalli , Gianpaolo Di Pietro , Matteo Matteucci

This paper introduces an automatic affordance reasoning paradigm tailored to minimal semantic inputs, addressing the critical challenges of classifying and manipulating unseen classes of objects in household settings. Inspired by human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ceng Zhang , Xin Meng , Dongchen Qi , Gregory S. Chirikjian

Reinforcement learning algorithms usually assume that all actions are always available to an agent. However, both people and animals understand the general link between the features of their environment and the actions that are feasible.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Khimya Khetarpal , Zafarali Ahmed , Gheorghe Comanici , David Abel , Doina Precup

We address the problem of affordance reasoning in diverse scenes that appear in the real world. Affordances relate the agent's actions to their effects when taken on the surrounding objects. In our work, we take the egocentric view of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Ching-Yao Chuang , Jiaman Li , Antonio Torralba , Sanja Fidler

Affordance theory suggests that environments inherently provide action possibilities shaping perception and behavior. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance in vision-language tasks, their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Junying Wang , Wenzhe Li , Yalun Wu , Yingji Liang , Yijin Guo , Chunyi Li , Haodong Duan , Zicheng Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

Intelligent agents accomplish different tasks by utilizing various objects based on their affordance, but how to select appropriate objects according to task context is not well-explored. Current studies treat objects within the affordance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haojie Huang , Hongchen Luo , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning abilities, enabling strong generalization across diverse tasks such as commonsense reasoning and instruction following. However, as LLMs scale, inference costs become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Benedikt Staffler , Frank Hutter , Aaron Klein

Planning - the ability to analyze the structure of a problem in the large and decompose it into interrelated subproblems - is a hallmark of human intelligence. While deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise for solving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Lunjun Zhang , Ge Yang , Bradly C. Stadie

In what sense does a large language model have knowledge? The answer to this question extends beyond the capabilities of a particular AI system, and challenges our assumptions about the nature of knowledge and intelligence. We answer by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ilker Yildirim , L. A. Paul