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A representation of the cause-effect mechanism is needed to enable artificial intelligence to represent how the world works. Bayesian Networks (BNs) have proven to be an effective and versatile tool for this task. BNs require constructing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Joverlyn Gaudillo , Nicole Astrologo , Fabio Stella , Enzo Acerbi , Francesco Canonaco

Recent works have suggested that finite Bayesian neural networks may sometimes outperform their infinite cousins because finite networks can flexibly adapt their internal representations. However, our theoretical understanding of how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Abdulkadir Canatar , Benjamin S. Ruben , Cengiz Pehlevan

Learning the structure of Bayesian networks (BNs) from data is challenging, especially for datasets involving a large number of variables. The recently proposed divide-and-conquer (D\&D) strategies present a promising approach for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shengcai Liu , Hui Ou-yang , Zhiyuan Wang , Cheng Chen , Qijun Cai , Yew-Soon Ong , Ke Tang

Despite its long history, Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) and variational training remain underused in practice: standard Gaussian posteriors misalign with network geometry, KL terms can be brittle in high dimensions, and implementations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Carlos Stein Brito

Bayesian networks are now being used in enormous fields, for example, diagnosis of a system, data mining, clustering and so on. In spite of their wide range of applications, the statistical properties have not yet been clarified, because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Keisuke Yamazaki , Sumio Watanbe

One of the most challenging tasks when adopting Bayesian Networks (BNs) is the one of learning their structure from data. This task is complicated by the huge search space of possible solutions, and by the fact that the problem is NP-hard.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Stefano Beretta , Mauro Castelli , Ivo Goncalves , Roberto Henriques , Daniele Ramazzotti

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) have recently regained a significant amount of attention in the deep learning community due to the development of scalable approximate Bayesian inference techniques. There are several advantages of using…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-28 Aliaksandr Hubin , Geir Storvik

We introduce a principled approach for unsupervised structure learning of deep neural networks. We propose a new interpretation for depth and inter-layer connectivity where conditional independencies in the input distribution are encoded…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-18 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Shami Nisimov , Yaniv Gurwicz , Guy Koren , Gal Novik

We present a method for learning treewidth-bounded Bayesian networks from data sets containing thousands of variables. Bounding the treewidth of a Bayesian greatly reduces the complexity of inferences. Yet, being a global property of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-12 Mauro Scanagatta , Giorgio Corani , Cassio P. de Campos , Marco Zaffalon

Understanding the uncertainty of a neural network's (NN) predictions is essential for many purposes. The Bayesian framework provides a principled approach to this, however applying it to NNs is challenging due to large numbers of parameters…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-27 Tim Pearce , Felix Leibfried , Alexandra Brintrup , Mohamed Zaki , Andy Neely

We argue that parameterized complexity is a useful tool with which to study global constraints. In particular, we show that many global constraints which are intractable to propagate completely have natural parameters which make them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-04 Christian Bessiere , Emmanuel Hebrard , Brahim Hnich , Zeynep Kiziltan , Toby Walsh

Uncertainty estimation in machine learning has traditionally focused on the prediction stage, aiming to quantify confidence in model outputs while treating learned representations as deterministic and reliable by default. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-20 Yiyao Yang

We present a novel approach for training deep neural networks in a Bayesian way. Classical, i.e. non-Bayesian, deep learning has two major drawbacks both originating from the fact that network parameters are considered to be deterministic.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-11 Konstantin Posch , Jan Steinbrener , Jürgen Pilz

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) have been long considered an ideal, yet unscalable solution for improving the robustness and the predictive uncertainty of deep neural networks. While they could capture more accurately the posterior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Gianni Franchi , Andrei Bursuc , Emanuel Aldea , Severine Dubuisson , Isabelle Bloch

Ensembles of neural networks (NNs) have long been used to estimate predictive uncertainty; a small number of NNs are trained from different initialisations and sometimes on differing versions of the dataset. The variance of the ensemble's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Tim Pearce , Mohamed Zaki , Andy Neely

The last decade witnessed a growing interest in Bayesian learning. Yet, the technicality of the topic and the multitude of ingredients involved therein, besides the complexity of turning theory into practical implementations, limit the use…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-01 Martin Magris , Alexandros Iosifidis

A Bayesian network is a widely used probabilistic graphical model with applications in knowledge discovery and prediction. Learning a Bayesian network (BN) from data can be cast as an optimization problem using the well-known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Zhenyu A. Liao , Charupriya Sharma , James Cussens , Peter van Beek

Continuous-time Bayesian Networks (CTBNs) represent a compact yet powerful framework for understanding multivariate time-series data. Given complete data, parameters and structure can be estimated efficiently in closed-form. However, if…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-04 Dominik Linzner , Michael Schmidt , Heinz Koeppl

In this paper we propose a Bayesian method for estimating architectural parameters of neural networks, namely layer size and network depth. We do this by learning concrete distributions over these parameters. Our results show that regular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-29 Georgi Dikov , Patrick van der Smagt , Justin Bayer

Complex network reconstruction is a hot topic in many fields. Currently, the most popular data-driven reconstruction framework is based on lasso. However, it is found that, in the presence of noise, lasso loses efficiency for weighted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Shuang Xu , Chun-Xia Zhang , Pei Wang , Jiangshe Zhang