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Recent technologies such as inter-ledger payments, non-fungible tokens, and smart contracts are all fruited from the ongoing development of Distributed Ledger Technologies. The foreseen trend is that they will play an increasingly visible…
In public distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), such as Blockchains, nodes can join and leave the network at any time. A major challenge occurs when a new node joining the network wants to retrieve the current state of the ledger. Indeed,…
As blockchain-based systems see wider adoption, it becomes increasingly critical to ensure their reliability, security, and efficiency. Running simulations is an effective method of gaining insights on the existing systems and analyzing…
Blockchain is an incipient technology that offers many strengths compared to traditional systems, such as decentralization, transparency and traceability. However, if the technology is to be used for processing personal data, complementary…
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is promising to become the foundation of many decentralised systems. However, the unbalanced and unregulated network layout contributes to the inefficiency of DLT especially in the Internet of Things…
In recent years, blockchain has been widely applied in the Internet of Things (IoT). Blockchain oracle, as a bridge for data communication between blockchain and off-chain, has also received significant attention. However, the numerous and…
We propose a new approach, termed Hybrid DLT, to address a broad range of industrial use cases where certain properties of both private and public DLTs are valuable, while other properties may be unnecessary or detrimental. The Hybrid DLT…
Blockchain has evolved into a platform for decentralized applications, with beneficial properties like high integrity, transparency, and resilience against censorship and tampering. However, blockchains are closed-world systems which do not…
Smart contracts on Ethereum handle millions of U.S. Dollars and other financial assets. In the past, attackers have exploited smart contracts to steal these assets. The Ethereum community has developed plenty of tools to detect vulnerable…
Recent developments in Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including Blockchain offer new opportunities in the manufacturing domain, by providing mechanisms to automate trust services (digital identity, trusted interactions, and auditable…
The rapid development of blockchain technology has driven the widespread application of decentralized applications (DApps) across various fields. However, DApps cannot directly access external data and rely on oracles to interact with…
A companion paper defined the notion of digital social contracts, presented a design for a social-contracts programming language, and demonstrated its potential utility via example social contracts. The envisioned setup consists of people…
By design, distributed ledger technologies persist low-level data which makes conducting complex business analysis of the recorded operations challenging. Existing blockchain visualization and analytics tools such as block explorers tend to…
The exploitation of smart-contract vulnerabilities can have catastrophic consequences such as the loss of millions of pounds worth of crypto assets. Formal verification can be a useful tool in identifying vulnerabilities and proving that…
Blockchain has come a long way: a system that was initially proposed specifically for cryptocurrencies is now being adapted and adopted as a general-purpose transactional system. As blockchain evolves into another data management system,…
In recent years, blockchain oracle, as the key link between blockchain and real-world data interaction, has greatly expanded the application scope of blockchain. In particular, the emergence of the Multi-Data Source (MDS) oracle has greatly…
Blockchain technology is among the fastest-growing technologies in the world today. It has been adopted in diverse areas but mostly in financial systems, such as Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Therefore, it is a niche that has attracted interest…
Blockchain and Cloud Computing are two of the main topics related to the distributed computing paradigm, and in the last decade, they have seen exponential growth in their adoption. Cloud computing has long been established as the main…
A smart contract that is deployed to a blockchain system like Ethereum is, under reasonable circumstances, expected to be immutable and tamper-proof. This is both a feature (promoting integrity and transparency) and a bug (preventing…
Computational task offloading based on edge computing can deal with the performance bottleneck of traditional cloud-based systems for Internet of things (IoT). To further optimize computing efficiency and resource allocation, collaborative…