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Looped transformers scale computational depth without increasing parameter count by repeatedly applying a shared transformer block and can be used for iterative refinement, where each loop rewrites a full fixed-size prediction in parallel.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chris Cameron , Wangzheng Wang , Nikita Ivanov , Ashmita Bhattacharyya , Didier Chételat , Yingxue Zhang

Pretrained language models have significantly advanced performance across various natural language processing tasks. However, adversarial attacks continue to pose a critical challenge to systems built using these models, as they can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhenhao Li , Huichi Zhou , Marek Rei , Lucia Specia

Denoising diffusion models show remarkable performances in generative tasks, and their potential applications in perception tasks are gaining interest. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework named DiffRef3D which adopts the diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Se-Ho Kim , Inyong Koo , Inyoung Lee , Byeongjun Park , Changick Kim

Diffusion planning has been recognized as an effective decision-making paradigm in various domains. The capability of generating high-quality long-horizon trajectories makes it a promising research direction. However, existing diffusion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zibin Dong , Jianye Hao , Yifu Yuan , Fei Ni , Yitian Wang , Pengyi Li , Yan Zheng

Generative models, particularly diffusion model, have emerged as powerful tools for sequential recommendation. However, accurately modeling user preferences remains challenging due to the noise perturbations inherent in the forward and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Feng Liu , Lixin Zou , Xiangyu Zhao , Min Tang , Liming Dong , Dan Luo , Xiangyang Luo , Chenliang Li

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as a promising direction for vision-language tasks, offering bidirectional context modeling and theoretical parallelization. However, their practical application is severely hindered by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yatai Ji , Teng Wang , Yuying Ge , Zhiheng Liu , Sidi Yang , Ying Shan , Ping Luo

Sequential recommendation predicts each user's next item based on their historical interaction sequence. Recently, diffusion models have attracted significant attention in this area due to their strong ability to model user interest…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Li Li , Mingyue Cheng , Yuyang Ye , Zhiding Liu , Enhong Chen

In the era of information explosion, Recommender Systems (RS) are essential for alleviating information overload and providing personalized user experiences. Recent advances in diffusion-based generative recommenders have shown promise in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chengyi Liu , Xiao Chen , Shijie Wang , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

Forecasting multi-step user behavior trajectories requires reasoning over structured preferences across future actions, a challenge overlooked by traditional sequential recommendation. This problem is critical for applications such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hongtao Huang , Chengkai Huang , Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao

Sequential recommendation (SR) aims to predict items that users may be interested in based on their historical behavior sequences. We revisit SR from a novel information-theoretic perspective and find that conventional sequential modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Wenjia Xie , Hao Wang , Luankang Zhang , Rui Zhou , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Current mainstream methods of aligning diffusion models with human preferences typically employ VLM-based reward models. However, these reward models, pre-trained for semantic alignment, struggle to capture the essential perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaxon Zhang , Binxin Yang , Hubery Yin , Chen Li , Jing Lyu

Enabling neural networks to learn complex logical constraints and fulfill symbolic reasoning is a critical challenge. Bridging this gap often requires guiding the neural network's output distribution to move closer to the symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xuan Zhang , Zhijian Zhou , Weidi Xu , Yanting Miao , Chao Qu , Yuan Qi

The latest advances in artificial intelligence (AI) present many unprecedented opportunities to achieve much improved bandwidth saving in communications. Unlike conventional communication systems focusing on packet transport, rich datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Achintha Wijesinghe , Songyang Zhang , Suchinthaka Wanninayaka , Weiwei Wang , Zhi Ding

Retrieval-augmented generation has achieved strong performance on knowledge-intensive tasks where query-document relevance can be identified through direct lexical or semantic matches. However, many real-world queries involve abstract…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Duolin Sun , Meixiu Long , Dan Yang , Junjie Wang , Yecheng Luo , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Hualei Zhou , Chunxiao Guo , Peng Wei , Jiahai Wang , Jinjie Gu

Reasoning models improve their problem-solving ability through inference-time scaling, allocating more compute via longer token budgets. Identifying which reasoning traces are likely to succeed remains a key opportunity: reliably predicting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Martina G. Vilas , Safoora Yousefi , Besmira Nushi , Eric Horvitz , Vidhisha Balachandran

Diffusion language models offer a promising alternative to autoregressive models due to their global, non-causal generation process, but their continuous latent dynamics make discrete constraints -- e.g., the output should be a JSON file…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jinwoo Kim , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Loris D'Antoni

Large reasoning models that use long chain-of-thought excel at problem-solving yet waste compute on redundant checks. Curbing this overthinking is hard: training-time length penalties can cripple ability, while inference-time early-exit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Benteng Chen , Weida Wang , Shufei Zhang , Mingbao Lin , Min Zhang

We propose a diffusion-based framework for prompt optimization that leverages Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) to iteratively refine system prompts through masked denoising. By conditioning on interaction traces, including user queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shiyu Wang , Haolin Chen , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Zixiang Chen , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Shelby Heinecke , Huan Wang

Traditional recommendation systems often grapple with "filter bubbles", underutilization of external knowledge, and a disconnect between model optimization and business policy iteration. To address these limitations, this paper introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yu Xie , Xingkai Ren , Ying Qi , Yao Hu , Lianlei Shan

We introduce ThinkTwice, a simple two-phase framework that jointly optimizes LLMs to solve reasoning problems and refine the answers, based on Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). In each pair of training steps, ThinkTwice first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Difan Jiao , Qianfeng Wen , Blair Yang , Zhenwei Tang , Ashton Anderson