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Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning technique that enables multiple entities to collaboratively learn a shared model without exchanging their local data. Over the past decade, FL systems have achieved substantial progress, scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Katharine Daly , Hubert Eichner , Peter Kairouz , H. Brendan McMahan , Daniel Ramage , Zheng Xu

Remote sensing (RS) images are usually produced at an unprecedented scale, yet they are geographically and institutionally distributed, making centralized model training challenging due to data-sharing restrictions and privacy concerns.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Haodong Zhao , Peng Peng , Chiyu Chen , Linqing Huang , Gongshen Liu

The usual goal of supervised learning is to find the best model, the one that optimizes a particular performance measure. However, what if the explanation provided by this model is completely different from another model and different again…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-11 Przemyslaw Biecek , Hubert Baniecki , Mateusz Krzyzinski , Dianne Cook

Federated learning (FL) offers privacy-preserving decentralized machine learning, optimizing models at edge clients without sharing private data. Simultaneously, foundation models (FMs) have gained traction in the artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Sixing Yu , J. Pablo Muñoz , Ali Jannesari

Federated Learning (FL), while a breakthrough in decentralized machine learning, contends with significant challenges such as limited data availability and the variability of computational resources, which can stifle the performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiaqi Wang , Xi Li

Predictive models may generate biased predictions when classifying imbalanced datasets. This happens when the model favors the majority class, leading to low performance in accurately predicting the minority class. To address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mustafa Cavus , Przemysław Biecek

Federated Learning is increasingly used in domains such as healthcare to facilitate collaborative model training without data-sharing. However, datasets located in different sites are often non-identically distributed, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ahmed Elhussein , Gamze Gursoy

As privacy concerns continue to grow, federated learning (FL) has gained significant attention as a promising privacy-preserving technology, leading to considerable advancements in recent years. Unlike traditional machine learning, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Boyu Fan , Siyang Jiang , Xiang Su , Sasu Tarkoma , Pan Hui

The Rashomon effect describes the observation that in machine learning (ML) multiple models often achieve similar predictive performance while explaining the underlying relationships in different ways. This observation holds even for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Julian Rosenberger , Philipp Schröppel , Sven Kruschel , Mathias Kraus , Patrick Zschech , Maximilian Förster

With the emerging application of Federated Learning (FL) in finance, hiring and healthcare, FL models are regulated to be fair, preventing disparities with respect to legally protected attributes such as race or gender. Two concepts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yuying Duan , Gelei Xu , Yiyu Shi , Michael Lemmon

Group fairness in machine learning is an important area of research focused on achieving equitable outcomes across different groups defined by sensitive attributes such as race or gender. Federated Learning, a decentralized approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Teresa Salazar , Helder Araújo , Alberto Cano , Pedro Henriques Abreu

Rashomon sets are model sets within one model class that perform nearly as well as a reference model from the same model class. They reveal the existence of alternative well-performing models, which may support different interpretations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fiona Katharina Ewald , Martin Binder , Matthias Feurer , Bernd Bischl , Giuseppe Casalicchio

Fairness in Federated Learning (FL) is emerging as a critical factor driven by heterogeneous clients' constraints and balanced model performance across various scenarios. In this survey, we delineate a comprehensive classification of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Noorain Mukhtiar , Adnan Mahmood , Yipeng Zhou , Jian Yang , Jing Teng , Quan Z. Sheng

Federated learning (FL) is an effective mechanism for data privacy in recommender systems by running machine learning model training on-device. While prior FL optimizations tackled the data and system heterogeneity challenges faced by FL,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Kiwan Maeng , Haiyu Lu , Luca Melis , John Nguyen , Mike Rabbat , Carole-Jean Wu

Federated Learning (FL) typically assumes unconditional collaboration, a premise that overlooks the complexities of real-world, multi-stakeholder environments in which clients may need to exclude one another for strategic, regulatory, or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Daan Rosendal , Ana Oprescu

Federated Learning (FL) has gained prominence in machine learning applications across critical domains by enabling collaborative model training without centralized data aggregation. However, FL frameworks that protect privacy often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Dawood Wasif , Terrence J. Moore , Jin-Hee Cho

Modern neural networks rarely have a single way to be right. For many tasks, multiple models can achieve identical performance while relying on different features or reasoning patterns, a property known as the Rashomon Effect. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shihan Feng , Cheng Zhang , Michael Xi , Ethan Hsu , Lesia Semenova , Chudi Zhong

Federated Learning (FL) represents a paradigm shift in the field of machine learning, offering an approach for a decentralized training of models across a multitude of devices while maintaining the privacy of local data. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Tatjana Legler , Vinit Hegiste , Martin Ruskowski

Federated learning (FL) is a framework for training machine learning models in a distributed and collaborative manner. During training, a set of participating clients process their data stored locally, sharing only the model updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Filippo Galli , Kangsoo Jung , Sayan Biswas , Catuscia Palamidessi , Tommaso Cucinotta

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning (ML) paradigm in which models are trained on private data across several devices called clients and combined at a single node called an aggregator rather than aggregating the data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sarang S , Druva Dhakshinamoorthy , Aditya Shiva Sharma , Yuvraj Singh Bhadauria , Siddharth Chaitra Vivek , Arihant Bansal , Arnab K. Paul