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This paper proposes a self-regularised minimum latency training (SR-MLT) method for streaming Transformer-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In previous works, latency was optimised by truncating the online attention weights…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-25 Mohan Li , Rama Doddipatla , Catalin Zorila

Autonomous racing presents unique challenges due to its non-linear dynamics, the high speed involved, and the critical need for real-time decision-making under dynamic and unpredictable conditions. Most traditional Reinforcement Learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Benedict Hildisch , Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Cheng Hu , Andrea Carron , Michele Magno

We study online fine-tuning of pretrained control policies for autonomous driving using Real-Time Recurrent Reinforcement Learning (RTRRL), a memory-efficient algorithm that updates policy parameters at every time step without…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Julian Lemmel , Felix Resch , Mónika Farsang , Ramin Hasani , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

Ensuring reliability in modern software systems requires rigorous pre-production testing across highly heterogeneous and evolving environments. Because exhaustive evaluation is infeasible, practitioners must decide how to allocate limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yu Zhu

In the online continual learning paradigm, agents must learn from a changing distribution while respecting memory and compute constraints. Experience Replay (ER), where a small subset of past data is stored and replayed alongside new data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Lucas Caccia , Rahaf Aljundi , Nader Asadi , Tinne Tuytelaars , Joelle Pineau , Eugene Belilovsky

We seek to understand what facilitates sample-efficient learning from historical datasets for sequential decision-making, a problem that is popularly known as offline reinforcement learning (RL). Further, we are interested in algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Raman Arora

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the core post-training technique for large language models (LLMs). RL for LLMs involves two stages: generation and training. The LLM first generates samples online, which are then used to derive…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches have shown promising capabilities in learning the representation from unlabeled data. Amongst them, momentum-based frameworks have attracted significant attention. Despite being a great success,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Trung X. Pham , Axi Niu , Zhang Kang , Sultan Rizky Madjid , Ji Woo Hong , Daehyeok Kim , Joshua Tian Jin Tee , Chang D. Yoo

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) can operate in two modes: streaming and non-streaming, each with its pros and cons. Streaming ASR processes the speech frames in real-time as it is being received, while non-streaming ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-12 Muhammad Shakeel , Yui Sudo , Yifan Peng , Shinji Watanabe

Prior works on self-supervised pre-training focus on the joint training scenario, where massive unlabeled data are assumed to be given as input all at once, and only then is a learner trained. Unfortunately, such a problem setting is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Dapeng Hu , Shipeng Yan , Qizhengqiu Lu , Lanqing Hong , Hailin Hu , Yifan Zhang , Zhenguo Li , Xinchao Wang , Jiashi Feng

In supervised machine learning, an agent is typically trained once and then deployed. While this works well for static settings, robots often operate in changing environments and must quickly learn new things from data streams. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Tyler L. Hayes , Nathan D. Cahill , Christopher Kanan

Unsupervised visual representation learning offers the opportunity to leverage large corpora of unlabeled trajectories to form useful visual representations, which can benefit the training of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wancong Zhang , Anthony GX-Chen , Vlad Sobal , Yann LeCun , Nicolas Carion

Offline meta reinforcement learning (OMRL) has emerged as a promising approach for interaction avoidance and strong generalization performance by leveraging pre-collected data and meta-learning techniques. Previous context-based approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hai Zhang , Boyuan Zheng , Tianying Ji , Jinhang Liu , Anqi Guo , Junqiao Zhao , Lanqing Li

In video streaming over HTTP, the bitrate adaptation selects the quality of video chunks depending on the current network condition. Some previous works have applied deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms to determine the chunk's…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Phuong L. Vo , Nghia T. Nguyen , Long Luu , Canh T. Dinh , Nguyen H. Tran , Tuan-Anh Le

High update-to-data (UTD) ratio algorithms in reinforcement learning (RL) improve sample efficiency but incur high computational costs, limiting real-world scalability. We propose Offline Stabilization Phases for Efficient Q-Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Carlo Romeo , Girolamo Macaluso , Alessandro Sestini , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows for the training of competent agents from offline datasets without any interaction with the environment. Online finetuning of such offline models can further improve performance. But how should we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Yicheng Luo , Jackie Kay , Edward Grefenstette , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn a policy from a static dataset without further interactions with the environment. Collecting sufficiently large datasets for offline RL is exhausting since this data collection requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jongchan Park , Mingyu Park , Donghwan Lee

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) can in principle synthesize more optimal behavior from a dataset consisting only of suboptimal trials. One way that this can happen is by "stitching" together the best parts of otherwise suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Joey Hong , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely applied to sequential decision making, where interpretability and performance are both critical for practical adoption. Current approaches typically focus on performance and rely on post hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Qianxin Yi , Shao-Bo Lin , Jun Fan , Yao Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) in recommendation systems offers the potential to optimize recommendations for long-term user engagement. However, the environment often involves large state and action spaces, which makes it hard to efficiently…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yijia Dai , Wen Sun