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Related papers: Contractual Deepfakes: Can Large Language Models G…

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The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted the traditional judicial industry. Moreover, recently, with the development of AI-generated content (AIGC), AI and law have found applications in various domains,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jinqi Lai , Wensheng Gan , Jiayang Wu , Zhenlian Qi , Philip S. Yu

The profusion of knowledge encoded in large language models (LLMs) and their ability to apply this knowledge zero-shot in a range of settings makes them promising candidates for use in decision-making. However, they are currently limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gabriel Freedman , Adam Dejl , Deniz Gorur , Xiang Yin , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

This paper proposes and argues for a counterintuitive thesis: the truly valuable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) reside precisely in the part that cannot be fully captured by human-readable discrete rules. The core argument is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Quan Cheng

Existing work investigates the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to uncover their limitations, human-like biases and underlying processes. Such studies include evaluations of base LLMs (pre-trained on unlabeled corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jason Chan , Zhixue Zhao , Robert Gaizauskas

Making legal knowledge accessible to non-experts is crucial for enhancing general legal literacy and encouraging civic participation in democracy. However, legal documents are often challenging to understand for people without legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Hang Jiang , Xiajie Zhang , Robert Mahari , Daniel Kessler , Eric Ma , Tal August , Irene Li , Alex 'Sandy' Pentland , Yoon Kim , Deb Roy , Jad Kabbara

Contract review is an essential step in construction projects to prevent potential losses. However, the current methods for reviewing construction contracts lack effectiveness and reliability, leading to time-consuming and error-prone…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Saika Wong , Chunmo Zheng , Xing Su , Yinqiu Tang

This article looks at how reasoning works in current Large Language Models (LLMs) that function using the token-completion method. It examines their stochastic nature and their similarity to human abductive reasoning. The argument is that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Luciano Floridi , Jessica Morley , Claudio Novelli , David Watson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to perform well for many downstream tasks. Transfer learning can enable LLMs to acquire skills that were not targeted during pre-training. In financial contexts, LLMs can sometimes beat…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-08 Felix Drinkall , Janet B. Pierrehumbert , Stefan Zohren

This study introduces a hypothesis-testing framework to assess whether large language models (LLMs) possess genuine reasoning abilities or primarily depend on token bias. We go beyond evaluating LLMs on accuracy; rather, we aim to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Bowen Jiang , Yangxinyu Xie , Zhuoqun Hao , Xiaomeng Wang , Tanwi Mallick , Weijie J. Su , Camillo J. Taylor , Dan Roth

The capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models have been sketched out in great detail in recent years, providing an intriguing yet conflicting picture. On the one hand, LLMs demonstrate a general ability to solve problems. On the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in artificial intelligence (AI), exhibiting remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks such as text generation, reasoning, and decision-making. While their success has…

In the field of Artificial (General) Intelligence (AI), the several recent advancements in Natural language processing (NLP) activities relying on Large Language Models (LLMs) have come to encourage the adoption of LLMs as scientific models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Evelina Leivada , Vittoria Dentella , Elliot Murphy

We explore using Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate application code that automates health insurance processes from text-based policies. We target blockchain-based smart contracts as they offer immutability, verifiability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Inwon Kang , William Van Woensel , Oshani Seneviratne

Having a clean dataset has been the foundational assumption of most natural language processing (NLP) systems. However, properly written text is rarely found in real-world scenarios and hence, oftentimes invalidates the aforementioned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ayush Singh , Navpreet Singh , Shubham Vatsal

Large language models have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in understanding and generation. However, in real-world scenarios, users' natural language expressions are often inherently fuzzy, ambiguous, and uncertain, leading to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zongyu Chang , Feihong Lu , Ziqin Zhu , Qian Li , Cheng Ji , Tao Yang , Zhuo Chen , Hao Peng , Yang Liu , Ruifeng Xu , Yangqiu Song , Jianxin Li , Shangguang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming human decision-making by acting as cognitive collaborators. Yet, this promise comes with a paradox: while LLMs can improve accuracy, they may also erode independent reasoning, promote…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Irdin Pekaric , Philipp Zech , Tom Mattson

The paper advocates for LLMs to enhance the accessibility, usage and explainability of rule-based legal systems, contributing to a democratic and stakeholder-oriented view of legal technology. A methodology is developed to explore the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Marco Billi , Alessandro Parenti , Giuseppe Pisano , Marco Sanchi

Recently, with the application progress of AIGC tools based on large language models (LLMs), led by ChatGPT, many AI experts and more non-professionals are trumpeting the "reasoning ability" of the LLMs. The present author considers that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jingde Cheng

Fake news significantly influences decision-making processes by misleading individuals, organizations, and even governments. Large language models (LLMs), as part of generative AI, can amplify this problem by generating highly convincing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lionel Z. Wang , Ka Chung Ng , Yiming Ma , Wenqi Fan

Large language models (LLMs) often benefit from intermediate steps of reasoning to generate answers to complex problems. When these intermediate steps of reasoning are used to monitor the activity of the model, it is essential that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Fabien Roger , Ryan Greenblatt