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The empirical success of derivative-free methods in reinforcement learning for planning through contact seems at odds with the perceived fragility of classical gradient-based optimization methods in these domains. What is causing this gap,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-25 H. J. Terry Suh , Tao Pang , Russ Tedrake

Designing planners and controllers for contact-rich manipulation is extremely challenging as contact violates the smoothness conditions that many gradient-based controller synthesis tools assume. Contact smoothing approximates a non-smooth…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yuki Shirai , Tong Zhao , H. J. Terry Suh , Huaijiang Zhu , Xinpei Ni , Jiuguang Wang , Max Simchowitz , Tao Pang

With the maturation of differentiable physics, its role in various downstream applications: such as model predictive control, robotic design optimization, and neural PDE solvers, has become increasingly important. However, the derivative…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Xiaohan Ye , Kui Wu , Zherong Pan , Taku Komura

The empirical success of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in the setting of contact-rich manipulation leaves much to be understood from a model-based perspective, where the key difficulties are often attributed to (i) the explosion of contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Tao Pang , H. J. Terry Suh , Lujie Yang , Russ Tedrake

Differentiable simulation establishes the mathematical foundation for solving challenging inverse problems in computer graphics and robotics, such as physical system identification and inverse dynamics control. However, rigor in frictional…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ziqiu Zeng , Gang Yang , Zhenhao Huang , Bingyang Zhou , Yulin Li , Jason Pho , Siyuan Luo , Fan Shi

Reliable robotic manipulation requires control policies that can accurately represent and adapt to uncertainty arising from contact-rich interactions. Modern data-driven methods mitigate uncertainty through large-scale training and…

Differentiable simulation enables gradients to be back-propagated through physics simulations. In this way, one can learn the dynamics and properties of a physics system by gradient-based optimization or embed the whole differentiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Yaofeng Desmond Zhong , Jiequn Han , Biswadip Dey , Georgia Olympia Brikis

Differentiable simulators promise to improve sample efficiency in robot learning by providing analytic gradients of the system dynamics. Yet, their application to contact-rich tasks like locomotion is complicated by the inherently…

Planning over discontinuous dynamics is needed for robotics tasks like contact-rich manipulation, which presents challenges in the numerical stability and speed of planning methods when either neural network or analytical models are used.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Filippo Rozzi , Loris Roveda , Kevin Haninger

Generating intelligent robot behavior in contact-rich settings is a research problem where zeroth-order methods currently prevail. A major contributor to the success of such methods is their robustness in the face of non-smooth and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Onur Beker , Nico Gürtler , Ji Shi , A. René Geist , Amirreza Razmjoo , Georg Martius , Sylvain Calinon

We present a differentiable dynamics solver that is able to handle frictional contact for rigid and deformable objects within a unified framework. Through a principled mollification of normal and tangential contact forces, our method…

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for learning robot control in contact-rich tasks such as wiping, by developing Diffusion Contact Model (DCM). Previous methods of learning such tasks relied on impedance control with time-varying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Masashi Okada , Mayumi Komatsu , Tadahiro Taniguchi

High-fidelity physics simulation is essential for scalable robotic learning, but the sim-to-real gap persists, especially for tasks involving complex, dynamic, and discontinuous interactions like physical contacts. Explicit system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Changwei Jing , Jai Krishna Bandi , Jianglong Ye , Yan Duan , Pieter Abbeel , Xiaolong Wang , Sha Yi

Contact forces introduce discontinuities into robot dynamics that severely limit the use of simulators for gradient-based optimization. Penalty-based simulators such as MuJoCo, soften contact resolution to enable gradient computation.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Anselm Paulus , A. René Geist , Pierre Schumacher , Vít Musil , Simon Rappenecker , Georg Martius

We study reinforcement learning in hybrid discrete-continuous action spaces, such as settings where the discrete component selects a regime (or index) and the continuous component optimizes within it -- a structure common in robotics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Matias Alvo , Daniel Russo , Yash Kanoria

Smoothed implicit contact dynamics enables gradient-based planning and control for contact-rich tasks without predefined mode sequences. However, safety-critical control remains challenging because implicit contact dynamics makes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Haegu Lee , Yitaek Kim , Christoffer Sloth

We present a method for differentiable simulation of soft articulated bodies. Our work enables the integration of differentiable physical dynamics into gradient-based pipelines. We develop a top-down matrix assembly algorithm within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Yi-Ling Qiao , Junbang Liang , Vladlen Koltun , Ming C. Lin

Feedback optimization enables autonomous optimality seeking of a dynamical system through its closed-loop interconnection with iterative optimization algorithms. Among various iteration structures, model-based approaches require the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Zhiyu He , Saverio Bolognani , Michael Muehlebach , Florian Dörfler

Generating intelligent robot behavior in contact-rich settings is a research problem where zeroth-order methods currently prevail. Developing methods that make use of first/second order information about rigid-body dynamics in the presence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Onur Beker , Andreas René Geist , Anselm Paulus , Georg Martius

A significant barrier preventing model-based methods from achieving real-time and versatile dexterous robotic manipulation is the inherent complexity of multi-contact dynamics. Traditionally formulated as complementarity models,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Wanxin Jin
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