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Non-deterministic test behavior, or flakiness, is common and dreaded among developers. Researchers have studied the issue and proposed approaches to mitigate it. However, the vast majority of previous work has only considered…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Martin Gruber , Muhammad Firhard Roslan , Owain Parry , Fabian Scharnböck , Phil McMinn , Gordon Fraser

Regression testing is an important phase to deliver software with quality. However, flaky tests hamper the evaluation of test results and can increase costs. This is because a flaky test may pass or fail non-deterministically and to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-15 B. H. P. Camara , M. A. G. Silva , A. T. Endo , S. R. Vergilio

As software systems grow in complexity, accurately identifying and managing dependencies among changes becomes increasingly critical. For instance, a change that leverages a function must depend on the change that introduces it.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ali Arabat , Mohammed Sayagh , Jameleddine Hassine

Non-deterministically behaving (i.e., flaky) tests hamper regression testing as they destroy trust and waste computational and human resources. Eradicating flakiness in test suites is therefore an important goal, but automated debugging…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Martin Gruber , Gordon Fraser

Flaky tests are tests that can non-deterministically pass or fail, even in the absence of code changes.Despite being a source of false alarms, flaky tests often remain in test suites once they are detected, as they also may be relied upon…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Abdulrahman Alshammari , Paul Ammann , Michael Hilton , Jonathan Bell

Like classical software, quantum software systems rely on automated testing. However, their inherently probabilistic outputs make them susceptible to quantum flakiness -- tests that pass or fail inconsistently without code changes. Such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Janakan Sivaloganathan , Ainaz Jamshidi , Andriy Miranskyy , Lei Zhang

A flaky test yields inconsistent results upon repetition, posing a significant challenge to software developers. An extensive study of their presence and characteristics has been done in classical computer software but not quantum computer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Lei Zhang , Andriy Miranskyy

Flaky tests cause significant problems as they can interrupt automated build processes that rely on all tests succeeding and undermine the trustworthiness of tests. Numerous causes of test flakiness have been identified, and program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Jens Dietrich , Shawn Rasheed , Amjed Tahir

Flaky tests yield inconsistent results when they are repeatedly executed on the same code revision. They interfere with automated quality assurance of code changes and hinder efficient software testing. Previous work evaluated approaches to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alexander Berndt , Vekil Bekmyradov , Rainer Gemulla , Marcus Kessel , Thomas Bach , Sebastian Baltes

Forking-based development has made it easier and straightforward for developers to contribute to open-source software (OSS). Developers can fork an existing project and add changes in their local version without interrupting the development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Anurag Dhasmana , Arindaam Roy , Divjeet Singh Jas , Kiranpreet Kaur , Pinn Prugsanapan

Massive, multi-language, monolithic repositories form the backbone of many modern, complex software systems. To ensure consistent code quality while still allowing fast development cycles, Continuous Integration (CI) is commonly applied.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Daniel Schwendner , Maximilian Jungwirth , Martin Gruber , Martin Knoche , Daniel Merget , Gordon Fraser

Cloud management systems provide abstractions and APIs for programmatically configuring cloud infrastructures. Unfortunately, residual software bugs in these systems can potentially lead to high-severity failures, such as prolonged outages…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Domenico Cotroneo , Luigi De Simone , Pietro Liguori , Roberto Natella , Nematollah Bidokhti

Test case maintainability is an important concern, especially in open source and distributed development environments where projects typically have high contributor turnover with varying backgrounds and experience, and where code ownership…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Danielle Gonzalez , Joanna C. S. Santos , Andrew Popovich , Mehdi Mirakhorli , Mei Nagappan

Flaky tests can pass or fail non-deterministically, without alterations to a software system. Such tests are frequently encountered by developers and hinder the credibility of test suites. State-of-the-art research incorporates machine…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shizhe Lin , Ryan Zheng He Liu , Ladan Tahvildari

Software testing is sometimes plagued with intermittently failing tests and finding the root causes of such failing tests is often difficult. This problem has been widely studied at the unit testing level for open source software, but there…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Per Erik Strandberg , Thomas J Ostrand , Elaine J Weyuker , Wasif Afzal , Daniel Sundmark

Code review is a broadly adopted software quality practice where developers critique each others' patches. In addition to providing constructive feedback, reviewers may provide a score to indicate whether the patch should be integrated.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Toshiki Hirao , Shane McIntosh , Akinori Ihara , Kenichi Matsumoto

Running microbenchmark suites often and early in the development process enables developers to identify performance issues in their application. Microbenchmark suites of complex applications can comprise hundreds of individual benchmarks…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Trever Schirmer , Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

Context: Software development projects increasingly adopt unit testing as a way to identify and correct program faults early in the construction process. Code that is unit tested should therefore have fewer failures associated with it.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Efstathia Chioteli , Ioannis Batas , Diomidis Spinellis

Testing and debugging quantum software pose significant challenges due to the inherent complexities of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement. One challenge is indeterminacy, a fundamental characteristic of quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Khushdeep Kaur , Dongchan Kim , Ainaz Jamshidi , Lei Zhang

Many research areas in software engineering, such as mutation testing, automatic repair, fault localization, and fault injection, rely on empirical knowledge about recurring bug-fixing code changes. Previous studies in this field focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Domenico Cotroneo , Luigi De Simone , Antonio Ken Iannillo , Roberto Natella , Stefano Rosiello , Nematollah Bidokhti