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The efficient certification of classically intractable quantum devices has been a central research question for some time. However, to observe a "quantum advantage", it is believed that one does not need to build a large scale universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-05 Daniel Mills , Anna Pappa , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Elham Kashefi

Quantum computers are expected to offer substantial speedups over their classical counterparts and to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. Beyond such practical significance, the concept of quantum computation opens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Stefanie Barz , Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi , Philip Walther

We study the notion of zero-knowledge secure against quantum polynomial-time verifiers (referred to as quantum zero-knowledge) in the concurrent composition setting. Despite being extensively studied in the classical setting, concurrent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Prabhanjan Ananth , Kai-Min Chung , Rolando L. La Placa

Near-term quantum computers must protect fragile coherence against decoherence to deliver useful results. Catalytic quantum error correction (CQEC) addresses this challenge by amplifying residual coherence with a reusable catalyst,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Hikaru Wakaura

QMA (Quantum Merlin Arthur) is the class of problems which, though potentially hard to solve, have a quantum solution which can be verified efficiently using a quantum computer. It thus forms a natural quantum version of the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-02 Tomoyuki Morimae , Daniel Nagaj , Norbert Schuch

The class MA consists of languages that can be efficiently verified by classical probabilistic verifiers using a single classical certificate, and the class QMA consists of languages that can be efficiently verified by quantum verifiers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hirotada Kobayashi , Keiji Matsumoto , Tomoyuki Yamakami

Quantum cryptography leverages many unique features of quantum information in order to construct cryptographic primitives that are oftentimes impossible classically. In this work, we build on the no-cloning principle of quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Prabhanjan Ananth , Alexander Poremba , Vinod Vaikuntanathan

In the absence of any efficient classical schemes for verifying a universal quantum computer, the importance of limiting the required quantum resources for this task has been highlighted recently. Currently, most of efficient quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-24 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Vedran Dunjko , Elham Kashefi

We give a new theoretical solution to a leading-edge experimental challenge, namely to the verification of quantum computations in the regime of high computational complexity. Our results are given in the language of quantum interactive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-25 Anne Broadbent

In computer science, many search problems are reducible to decision problems, which implies that finding a solution is as hard as deciding whether a solution exists. A quantum analogue of search-to-decision reductions would be to ask…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 Jordi Weggemans

We initiate the study of multi-party computation for classical functionalities (in the plain model) with security against malicious polynomial-time quantum adversaries. We observe that existing techniques readily give a polynomial-round…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-23 Amit Agarwal , James Bartusek , Vipul Goyal , Dakshita Khurana , Giulio Malavolta

This paper studies whether quantum proofs are more powerful than classical proofs, or in complexity terms, whether QMA=QCMA. We prove three results about this question. First, we give a "quantum oracle separation" between QMA and QCMA. More…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 Scott Aaronson , Greg Kuperberg

A central challenge in data security is not just preventing theft, but detecting whether it has occurred. Classically, this is impossible because a perfect copy leaves no evidence. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, forbids general…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Vipul Goyal , Justin Raizes

The class QMA plays a fundamental role in quantum complexity theory and it has found surprising connections to condensed matter physics and in particular in the study of the minimum energy of quantum systems. In this paper, we further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-06 Alex B. Grilo , Iordanis Kerenidis , Jamie Sikora

We prove that deciding whether a classical-quantum (C-Q) channel can exactly preserve a single classical bit is QCMA-complete. This "bit-preservation" problem is a special case of orthogonality-constrained optimization tasks over C-Q…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Kiera Hutton , Arthur Mehta , Andrej Vukovic

The classical channel remote state preparation (ccRSP) is an important two-party primitive in quantum cryptography. Alice (classical polynomial-time) and Bob (quantum polynomial-time) exchange polynomial rounds of classical messages, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 Tomoyuki Morimae , Yuki Takeuchi

We construct a succinct classical argument system for QMA, the quantum analogue of NP, from generic and standard cryptographic assumptions. Previously, building on the prior work of Mahadev (FOCS '18), Bartusek et al. (CRYPTO '22) also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Tony Metger , Anand Natarajan , Tina Zhang

Quantum metric learning enhances machine learning by mapping classical data to a quantum Hilbert space with maximal separation between classes. However, on current NISQ hardware, this mapping process itself is prone to errors and could be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ahmed Shokry , Movahhed Sadeghi , Mahmut Kandemir

Testing quantum theory on macroscopic scales is a longstanding challenge that might help to revolutionise physics. For example, laboratory tests (such as those anticipated in nanomechanical or biological systems) may look to rule out…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-22 Kunkun Wang , George C. Knee , Xiang Zhan , Zhihao Bian , Jian Li , Peng Xue

We initiate the study of parameterized complexity of $\textsf{QMA}$ problems in terms of the number of non-Clifford gates in the problem description. We show that for the problem of parameterized quantum circuit satisfiability, there exists…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-13 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Sergey Bravyi , Chinmay Nirkhe , Bryan O'Gorman