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AI systems have been known to amplify biases in real-world data. Explanations may help human-AI teams address these biases for fairer decision-making. Typically, explanations focus on salient input features. If a model is biased against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Navita Goyal , Connor Baumler , Tin Nguyen , Hal Daumé

Explainable AI has attracted much research attention in recent years with feature attribution algorithms, which compute "feature importance" in predictions, becoming increasingly popular. However, there is little analysis of the validity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Orcun Yalcin , Xiuyi Fan , Siyuan Liu

Feature attribution (FA) methods are widely used in explainable AI (XAI) to help users understand how the inputs of a machine learning model contribute to its outputs. However, different FA models often provide disagreeing importance scores…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) strategies play a crucial part in increasing the understanding and trustworthiness of neural networks. Nonetheless, these techniques could potentially generate misleading explanations. Blinding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Md Abdul Kadir , GowthamKrishna Addluri , Daniel Sonntag

Motivations for methods in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) often include detecting, quantifying and mitigating bias, and contributing to making machine learning models fairer. However, exactly how an XAI method can help in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Esma Balkir , Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in areas that significantly impact human lives, concerns about fairness and transparency have grown, especially regarding their impact on protected groups. Recently, the intersection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Vasiliki Papanikou , Danae Pla Karidi , Evaggelia Pitoura , Emmanouil Panagiotou , Eirini Ntoutsi

The evolving landscape of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to improve the interpretability of intricate machine learning (ML) models, yet faces challenges in formalisation and empirical validation, being an inherently…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a powerful tool for improving the performance of AI models, going beyond providing model transparency and interpretability. The scarcity of labeled data remains a fundamental challenge in developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Mesay Gemeda Yigezu , Atnafu Lambebo Tonja , Hassan Shakil , Samer Iskander , Olga Kolesnikova , Jugal Kalita

Attribution methods correspond to a class of explainability methods (XAI) that aim to assess how individual inputs contribute to a model's decision-making process. We have identified a significant limitation in one type of attribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sabine Muzellec , Thomas Fel , Victor Boutin , Léo andéol , Rufin VanRullen , Thomas Serre

A high-velocity paradigm shift towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged in recent years. Highly complex Machine Learning (ML) models have flourished in many tasks of intelligence, and the questions have started to shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jacob Dineen , Don Kridel , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

Strategies based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence - XAI have emerged in computing to promote a better understanding of predictions made by black box models. Most XAI measures used today explain these types of models, generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 José Ribeiro , Raíssa Silva , Lucas Cardoso , Ronnie Alves

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly often used to inform high-stakes decisions. As complex ML models (e.g., deep neural networks) are often considered black boxes, a wealth of procedures has been developed to shed light on their inner…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-23 Rick Wilming , Céline Budding , Klaus-Robert Müller , Stefan Haufe

With the rising necessity of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), we see an increase in task-dependent XAI methods on varying abstraction levels. XAI techniques on a global level explain model behavior and on a local level explain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

Research in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making is experiencing tremendous growth with a constantly rising number of studies evaluating the effect of AI with and without techniques from the field of explainable AI (XAI) on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Max Schemmer , Patrick Hemmer , Maximilian Nitsche , Niklas Kühl , Michael Vössing

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has aided machine learning (ML) researchers with the power of scrutinizing the decisions of the black-box models. XAI methods enable looking deep inside the models' behavior, eventually generating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Maraz Mia , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used as an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) technique to provide stakeholders of complex machine learning algorithms with explanations for data-driven decisions. The popularity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Dieter Brughmans , Lissa Melis , David Martens

Explainable AI (xAI) interventions aim to improve interpretability for complex black-box models, not only to improve user trust but also as a means to extract scientific insights from high-performing predictive systems. In molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Jonas Teufel , Annika Leinweber , Pascal Friederich

The growing complexity of machine learning and deep learning models has led to an increased reliance on opaque "black box" systems, making it difficult to understand the rationale behind predictions. This lack of transparency is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Pratinav Seth , Yashwardhan Rathore , Neeraj Kumar Singh , Chintan Chitroda , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide insights into the decision-making process of AI models, allowing users to understand their results beyond their decisions. A significant goal of XAI is to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Andrea Apicella , Luca Di Lorenzo , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete