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The rapid growth of large-language models (LLMs) is driving a new wave of specialized hardware for inference. This paper presents the first workload-centric, cross-architectural performance study of commercial AI accelerators, spanning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amit Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various artificial intelligence tasks. However, their enormous sizes and computational demands pose significant challenges for the deployment on edge devices. To address…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kai Zhang , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited an impressive capability to perform reasoning tasks, especially if they are encouraged to generate a sequence of intermediate steps. Reasoning performance can be improved by suitably combining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Soumyasundar Pal , Didier Chételat , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

With rapidly increasing distributed deep learning workloads in large-scale data centers, efficient distributed deep learning framework strategies for resource allocation and workload scheduling have become the key to high-performance deep…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Feng Liang , Zhen Zhang , Haifeng Lu , Chengming Li , Victor C. M. Leung , Yanyi Guo , Xiping Hu

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have witnessed remarkable advancements, with the test-time scaling law consistently enhancing the reasoning capabilities. Through systematic evaluation and exploration of a diverse spectrum of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenyang Shao , Sijian Ren , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by combining heterogeneous model architectures to handle diverse modalities like images and audio. However, this inherent heterogeneity in MLLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Insu Jang , Runyu Lu , Nikhil Bansal , Ang Chen , Mosharaf Chowdhury

With the ever-increasing computational demand of DNN training workloads, distributed training has been widely adopted. A combination of data, model and pipeline parallelism strategy, called hybrid parallelism distributed training, is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Guandong Lu , Runzhe Chen , Yakai Wang , Yangjie Zhou , Rui Zhang , Zheng Hu , Yanming Miao , Zhifang Cai , Li Li , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Despite significant advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), planning tasks still present challenges for LLM-based agents. Existing planning methods face two key limitations: heavy constraints and cascading errors. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhengdong Lu , Weikai Lu , Yiling Tao , Yun Dai , ZiXuan Chen , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen , Hao Peng , Ziqian Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

Heterogeneous many-cores are now an integral part of modern computing systems ranging from embedding systems to supercomputers. While heterogeneous many-core design offers the potential for energy-efficient high-performance, such potential…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Jianbin Fang , Chun Huang , Tao Tang , Zheng Wang

The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been accompanied by an effervescence of novel ideas and methods to better optimize the loss of deep learning models. Claims from those methods are myriad: from faster convergence to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andrei Semenov , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi

Deep reinforcement learning has led to dramatic breakthroughs in the field of artificial intelligence for the past few years. As the amount of rollout experience data and the size of neural networks for deep reinforcement learning have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Zhihong Liu , Xin Xu , Peng Qiao , Dongsheng Li

By virtue of its great utility in solving real-world problems, optimization modeling has been widely employed for optimal decision-making across various sectors, but it requires substantial expertise from operations research professionals.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable language understanding and generation capabilities. However, training, deploying, and accessing these models pose notable challenges, including resource-intensive demands, extended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Souvika Sarkar , Mohammad Fakhruddin Babar , Monowar Hasan , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker

The past few years have witnessed growth in the computational requirements for training deep convolutional neural networks. Current approaches parallelize training onto multiple devices by applying a single parallelization strategy (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Zhihao Jia , Sina Lin , Charles R. Qi , Alex Aiken

Modern advancements in large-scale machine learning would be impossible without the paradigm of data-parallel distributed computing. Since distributed computing with large-scale models imparts excessive pressure on communication channels,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Egor Shulgin , Peter Richtárik

What is a systematic way to efficiently apply a wide spectrum of advanced ML programs to industrial scale problems, using Big Models (up to 100s of billions of parameters) on Big Data (up to terabytes or petabytes)? Modern parallelization…

Federated learning (FL) has been extensively studied as a privacy-preserving training paradigm. Recently, federated block coordinate descent scheme has become a popular option in training large-scale models, as it allows clients to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yujia Wang , Yuanpu Cao , Jinghui Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

Large language models are rapidly gaining popularity and have been widely adopted in real-world applications. While the quality of training data is essential, privacy concerns arise during data collection. Federated learning offers a…