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In the RAG paradigm, the information retrieval module provides context for generators by retrieving and ranking multiple documents to support the aggregation of evidence. However, existing ranking models are primarily optimized for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yongqi Fan , Yuxiang Chu , Zhentao Xia , Xiaoyang Chen , Jie Liu , Haijin Liang , Jin Ma , Ben He , Yingfei Sun , Dezhi Ye , Tong Ruan

The lack of reliable sources of detailed information on the vulnerabilities of open-source software (OSS) components is a major obstacle to maintaining a secure software supply chain and an effective vulnerability management process.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Antonino Sabetta , Michele Bezzi

Background: Leaking sensitive information - such as API keys, tokens, and credentials - in source code remains a persistent security threat. Traditional regex and entropy-based tools often generate high false positives due to limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Md Nafiu Rahman , Sadif Ahmed , Zahin Wahab , S M Sohan , Rifat Shahriyar

Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal variants (LVLMs) hold immense promise for scientific and engineering applications, particularly in processing visual information like scientific diagrams. However, their practical deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Minghao Zhou , Rafael Souza , Yaqian Hu , Luming Che

Repository-scale code reasoning is a cornerstone of modern AI-assisted software engineering, enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to handle complex workflows from program comprehension to complex debugging. However, balancing accuracy with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhonghang Li , Zongwei Li , Yuxuan Chen , Han Shi , Jiawei Li , Jierun Chen , Haoli Bai , Chao Huang

Reinforcement learning improves the reasoning ability of large language models but remains costly and sample-inefficient, as many rollouts provide weak learning signals. Difficulty-aware data selection methods attempt to address this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yang Zhou , Can Jin , Zihan Dong , Zhepeng Wang , Yanting Yang , Shiyu Zhao , Lei Li , Runxue Bao , Yaochen Xie , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Many commercial and open-source models claim to detect machine-generated text with extremely high accuracy (99% or more). However, very few of these detectors are evaluated on shared benchmark datasets and even when they are, the datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Liam Dugan , Alyssa Hwang , Filip Trhlik , Josh Magnus Ludan , Andrew Zhu , Hainiu Xu , Daphne Ippolito , Chris Callison-Burch

Large language models (LLMs) commonly struggle with specialized or emerging topics which are rarely seen in the training corpus. Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) addresses this by structuring domain knowledge as a graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhefan Wang , Huanjun Kong , Jie Ying , Wanli Ouyang , Nanqing Dong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising paradigm, yet its trustworthiness remains a critical concern. A major vulnerability arises prior to generation: models often fail to balance parametric (internal) and retrieved (external)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xinbang Dai , Huikang Hu , Yuncheng Hua , Jiaqi Li , Yongrui Chen , Rihui Jin , Nan Hu , Guilin Qi

Recent research has shown that transformer networks can be used as differentiable search indexes by representing each document as a sequences of document ID tokens. These generative retrieval models cast the retrieval problem to a document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Hansi Zeng , Chen Luo , Bowen Jin , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Tianxin Wei , Hamed Zamani

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising approach to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) for legal applications, but its reliability is critically dependent on the accuracy of the retrieval step. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Markus Reuter , Tobias Lingenberg , Rūta Liepiņa , Francesca Lagioia , Marco Lippi , Giovanni Sartor , Andrea Passerini , Burcu Sayin

Identifying species in biology among tens of thousands of visually similar taxa while discovering unknown species in open-world environments remains a fundamental challenge in biodiversity research. Current methods treat identification and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiawei Wang , Ming Lei , Yaning Yang , Xinyan Lin , Yuquan Le , Qiwei Ma , Zhiwei Xu , Zheqi Lv , Yuchen Ang , Zhe Quan , Tat-Seng Chua

With over 200 million published academic documents and millions of new documents being written each year, academic researchers face the challenge of searching for information within this vast corpus. However, existing retrieval systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Gengchen Wei , Xinle Pang , Tianning Zhang , Yu Sun , Xun Qian , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong , Wanli Ouyang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been introduced to mitigate hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by incorporating external knowledge into the generation process, and it has become a widely adopted approach for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhuohang Jiang , Pangjing Wu , Xu Yuan , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

Many discriminative natural language understanding (NLU) tasks have large label spaces. Learning such a process of large-space decision making is particularly challenging due to the lack of training instances per label and the difficulty of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Mingtao Dong , Muhao Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) encounters efficiency challenges when scaling to massive knowledge bases while preserving contextual relevance. We propose Hash-RAG, a framework that integrates deep hashing techniques with systematic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jinyu Guo , Xunlei Chen , Qiyang Xia , Zhaokun Wang , Jie Ou , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

Code completion is essential in software development, helping developers by predicting code snippets based on context. Among completion tasks, Method Body Completion (MBC) is particularly challenging as it involves generating complete…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Tuan-Dung Bui , Duc-Thieu Luu-Van , Thanh-Phat Nguyen , Thu-Trang Nguyen , Son Nguyen , Hieu Dinh Vo

Recent advances in vision-language models have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse multi-modal tasks, including document question answering that leverages structured visual cues from text, tables, and figures. However, unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Joonmyung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Jongha Kim , Sehyung Kim , Dohwan Ko , Jihyung Kil , Hyunwoo J. Kim

The advancement of artificial intelligence algorithms has expanded their application to several fields such as the biomedical domain. Artificial intelligence systems, including Large Language Models (LLMs), can be particularly advantageous…

Object detection is a vital task in computer vision and has become an integral component of numerous critical systems. However, state-of-the-art object detectors, similar to their classification counterparts, are susceptible to small…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Muhammad , Awais , Weiming , Zhuang , Lingjuan , Lyu , Sung-Ho , Bae