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In this paper, we analyze the viewpoint stability of foundational models - specifically, their sensitivity to changes in viewpoint- and define instability as significant feature variations resulting from minor changes in viewing angle,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Mateusz Michalkiewicz , Sheena Bai , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh , Varun Jampani , Guha Balakrishnan

Systematics contaminate observables, leading to distribution shifts relative to theoretically simulated signals-posing a major challenge for using pre-trained models to label such observables. Since systematics are often poorly understood…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Sultan Hassan , Sambatra Andrianomena , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Improving out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization during in-distribution (ID) adaptation is a primary goal of robust fine-tuning of zero-shot models beyond naive fine-tuning. However, despite decent OOD generalization performance from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Changdae Oh , Hyesu Lim , Mijoo Kim , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun , Jaegul Choo , Alexander Hauptmann , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Kyungwoo Song

Robustness against Out-of-Distribution (OoD) samples is a key performance indicator of a trajectory prediction model. However, the development and ranking of state-of-the-art (SotA) models are driven by their In-Distribution (ID)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Yao , Shengchao Yan , Daniel Goehring , Wolfram Burgard , Joerg Reichardt

Robotic tasks are typically specified by a tuple of factors, such as the object to be grasped, the obstacles to be avoided, the color of the target, and so on. Collecting expert demonstrations for every combination of factor values grows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sayan Mitra , Ege Yuceel , Noah Giles , Abhishek Pai

For reliable deployment of deep-learning systems, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is indispensable. In the real world, where test-time inputs often arrive as streaming mixtures of in-distribution (ID) and OOD samples under evolving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Wooseok Lee , Jin Mo Yang , Saewoong Bahk , Hyung-Sin Kim

Trajectory prediction is central to the safe and seamless operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In deployment, however, prediction models inevitably face distribution shifts between training data and real-world conditions, where rare or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Tongfei Guo , Lili Su

When fine-tuning zero-shot models like CLIP, our desideratum is for the fine-tuned model to excel in both in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD). Recently, ensemble-based models (ESM) have been shown to offer significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Beier Zhu , Jiequan Cui , Hanwang Zhang

This paper reexamines the research on out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness in the field of NLP. We find that the distribution shift settings in previous studies commonly lack adequate challenges, hindering the accurate evaluation of OOD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Lifan Yuan , Yangyi Chen , Ganqu Cui , Hongcheng Gao , Fangyuan Zou , Xingyi Cheng , Heng Ji , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Practical object detection application can lose its effectiveness on image inputs with natural distribution shifts. This problem leads the research community to pay more attention on the robustness of detectors under Out-Of-Distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Xiaofeng Mao , Yuefeng Chen , Yao Zhu , Da Chen , Hang Su , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue

The increasing demand for autonomous vehicles has created a need for robust navigation systems that can also operate effectively in adverse weather conditions. Visual odometry is a technique used in these navigation systems, enabling the…

Feature shaping refers to a family of methods that exhibit state-of-the-art performance for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. These approaches manipulate the feature representation, typically from the penultimate layer of a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Qinyu Zhao , Ming Xu , Kartik Gupta , Akshay Asthana , Liang Zheng , Stephen Gould

End-to-end visuomotor policies trained using behavior cloning have shown a remarkable ability to generate complex, multi-modal low-level robot behaviors. However, at deployment time, these policies still struggle to act reliably when faced…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Pranay Gupta , Henny Admoni , Andrea Bajcsy

The idea behind object-centric representation learning is that natural scenes can better be modeled as compositions of objects and their relations as opposed to distributed representations. This inductive bias can be injected into neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Andrea Dittadi , Samuele Papa , Michele De Vita , Bernhard Schölkopf , Ole Winther , Francesco Locatello

Existing works have made great progress in improving adversarial robustness, but typically test their method only on data from the same distribution as the training data, i.e. in-distribution (ID) testing. As a result, it is unclear how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Lin Li , Yifei Wang , Chawin Sitawarin , Michael Spratling

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the de facto learning mechanism in different domains. Their tendency to perform unreliably on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs hinders their adoption in critical domains. Several approaches have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Vahdat Abdelzad , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Rick Salay

There have been several efforts to improve Novelty Detection (ND) performance. However, ND methods often suffer significant performance drops under minor distribution shifts caused by changes in the environment, known as style shifts. This…

Recent vision-language pre-trained models (VL-PTMs) have shown remarkable success in open-vocabulary tasks. However, downstream use cases often involve further fine-tuning of VL-PTMs, which may distort their general knowledge and impair…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lin Zhu , Yifeng Yang , Qinying Gu , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou , Nanyang Ye

Generalist robot policies trained on large-scale, visually homogeneous datasets can be susceptible to shortcut learning, which impairs their out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. While generative data augmentation is a common approach…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zizhao Tong , Di Chen , Sicheng Hu , Hongwei Fan , Liliang Chen , Guanghui Ren , Hao Tang , Hao Dong , Ling Shao

Accurate trajectory prediction is essential for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles in real-world environments. Even well-trained machine learning models may produce unreliable predictions due to discrepancies between training data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Tongfe Guo , Taposh Banerjee , Rui Liu , Lili Su