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World models aim to capture the states and dynamics of an environment in a compact latent space. Moreover, using Boolean state representations is particularly useful for search heuristics and symbolic reasoning and planning. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Davide Bizzaro , Luciano Serafini

We introduce Language World Models, a class of language-conditional generative model which interpret natural language messages by predicting latent codes of future observations. This provides a visual grounding of the message, similar to an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Alexander I. Cowen-Rivers , Jason Naradowsky

Differentiable simulators represent an environment's dynamics as a differentiable function. Within robotics and autonomous driving, this property is used in Analytic Policy Gradients (APG), which relies on backpropagating through the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Asen Nachkov , Danda Pani Paudel , Jan-Nico Zaech , Davide Scaramuzza , Luc Van Gool

World models are a fundamental component in model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL). To perform temporally extended and consistent simulations of the future in partially observable environments, world models need to possess long-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Fei Deng , Junyeong Park , Sungjin Ahn

A major challenge in deploying world models is the trade-off between size and performance. Large world models can capture rich physical dynamics but require massive computing resources, making them impractical for edge devices. Small world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dingrui Wang , Zhexiao Sun , Zhouheng Li , Cheng Wang , Youlun Peng , Hongyuan Ye , Baha Zarrouki , Wei Li , Mattia Piccinini , Lei Xie , Johannes Betz

Traditional reinforcement learning (RL)-based learning approaches for wireless networks rely on expensive trial-and-error mechanisms and real-time feedback based on extensive environment interactions, which leads to low data efficiency and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Lingyi Wang , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

Video diffusion models have recently shown promise for world modeling through autoregressive frame prediction conditioned on actions. However, they struggle to maintain long-term memory due to the high computational cost associated with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ryan Po , Yotam Nitzan , Richard Zhang , Berlin Chen , Tri Dao , Eli Shechtman , Gordon Wetzstein , Xun Huang

We introduce multi-task Visuo-Tactile World Models (VT-WM), which capture the physics of contact through touch reasoning. By complementing vision with tactile sensing, VT-WM better understands robot-object interactions in contact-rich…

We introduce Latent-WAM, an efficient end-to-end autonomous driving framework that achieves strong trajectory planning through spatially-aware and dynamics-informed latent world representations. Existing world-model-based planners suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Linbo Wang , Yupeng Zheng , Qiang Chen , Shiwei Li , Yichen Zhang , Zebin Xing , Qichao Zhang , Xiang Li , Deheng Qian , Pengxuan Yang , Yihang Dong , Ce Hao , Xiaoqing Ye , Junyu han , Yifeng Pan , Dongbin Zhao

State-space models (SSMs) offer a powerful framework for dynamical system analysis, wherein the temporal dynamics of the system are assumed to be captured through the evolution of the latent states, which govern the values of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Jiahe Lin , George Michailidis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown strong reasoning and generalization capabilities, motivating their use as decision-making policies in complex environments. StarCraft II (SC2), with its massive state-action space and partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yixin Zhang , Ziyi Wang , Yiming Rong , Haoxi Wang , Jinling Jiang , Shuang Xu , Haoran Wu , Shiyu Zhou , Bo Xu

World models have emerged as a unifying paradigm for learning latent dynamics, simulating counterfactual futures, and supporting planning under uncertainty. In this paper, we argue that computational epidemiology is a natural and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zeeshan Memon , Yiqi Su , Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Walid Saad , Liang Zhao , Naren Ramakrishnan

Human motion prediction has traditionally been framed as a sequence regression problem where models extrapolate future joint coordinates from observed pose histories. While effective over short horizons this approach does not separate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Sarim Chaudhry

What if a world simulation model could render not an imagined environment but a city that actually exists? Prior generative world models synthesize visually plausible yet artificial environments by imagining all content. We present Seoul…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Junyoung Seo , Hyunwook Choi , Minkyung Kwon , Jinhyeok Choi , Siyoon Jin , Gayoung Lee , Junho Kim , JoungBin Lee , Geonmo Gu , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun , Seungryong Kim , Jin-Hwa Kim

Cognitive scientists believe adaptable intelligent agents like humans perform reasoning through learned causal mental simulations of agents and environments. The problem of learning such simulations is called predictive world modeling.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Robin Karlsson , Alexander Carballo , Keisuke Fujii , Kento Ohtani , Kazuya Takeda

Large Language Models (LLMs) can serve as world models to enhance agent decision-making in digital environments by simulating future states and predicting action outcomes, potentially eliminating costly trial-and-error exploration. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kai Mei , Jiang Guo , Shuaichen Chang , Mingwen Dong , Dongkyu Lee , Xing Niu , Jiarong Jiang

Learned models of the environment provide reinforcement learning (RL) agents with flexible ways of making predictions about the environment. In particular, models enable planning, i.e. using more computation to improve value functions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Gregory Farquhar , Kate Baumli , Zita Marinho , Angelos Filos , Matteo Hessel , Hado van Hasselt , David Silver

Many animals possess a remarkable capacity to rapidly construct flexible cognitive maps of their environments. These maps are crucial for ethologically relevant behaviors such as navigation, exploration, and planning. Existing computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zizhan He , Maxime Daigle , Pouya Bashivan

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess general world knowledge but often struggle to generate precise predictions in structured, domain-specific contexts such as simulations. These limitations arise from their inability to ground their broad,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Guillaume Levy , Cedric Colas , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Thomas Carta , Clement Romac

To solve control problems via model-based reasoning or planning, an agent needs to know how its actions affect the state of the world. The actions an agent has at its disposal often change the state of the environment in systematic ways.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Tankred Saanum , Peter Dayan , Eric Schulz