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The generalization ability of machine learning models degrades significantly when the test distribution shifts away from the training distribution. We investigate the problem of training models that are robust to shifts caused by changes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Jiaheng Wei , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Ehsan Amid , Wen-Sheng Chu , Yang Liu , Abhishek Kumar

We propose a novel framework for analyzing the dynamics of distribution shift in real-world systems that captures the feedback loop between learning algorithms and the distributions on which they are deployed. Prior work largely models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lauren Conger , Franca Hoffmann , Eric Mazumdar , Lillian Ratliff

Tabular learning transforms raw features into optimized spaces for downstream tasks, but its effectiveness deteriorates under distribution shifts between training and testing data. We formalize this challenge as the Distribution Shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Wangyang Ying , Nanxu Gong , Dongjie Wang , Xinyuan Wang , Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Vivek Gupta , Chandan K. Reddy , Yanjie Fu

Information from related source studies can often enhance the findings of a target study. However, the distribution shift between target and source studies can severely impact the efficiency of knowledge transfer. In the high-dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-26 Ruiqi Bai , Yijiao Zhang , Hanbo Yang , Zhongyi Zhu

Transfer learning of prediction models has been extensively studied, while the corresponding policy learning approaches are rarely discussed. In this paper, we propose principled approaches for learning the optimal policy in the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xueqing Liu , Qinwei Yang , Zhaoqing Tian , Ruocheng Guo , Peng Wu

Transfer Learning (TL) aims to transfer knowledge acquired in one problem, the source problem, onto another problem, the target problem, dispensing with the bottom-up construction of the target model. Due to its relevance, TL has gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Ricardo Gamelas Sousa , Luís A. Alexandre , Jorge M. Santos , Luís M. Silva , Joaquim Marques de Sá

Many existing approaches for generating predictions in settings with distribution shift model distribution shifts as adversarial or low-rank in suitable representations. In various real-world settings, however, we might expect shifts to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Kirk Bansak , Elisabeth Paulson , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Transfer learning seeks to improve the generalization performance of a target task by exploiting the knowledge learned from a related source task. Central questions include deciding what information one should transfer and when transfer can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Oussama Dhifallah , Yue M. Lu

In the last decade, motivated by the success of Deep Learning, the scientific community proposed several approaches to make the learning procedure of Neural Networks more effective. When focussing on the way in which the training data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci

The availability of abundant labeled data in recent years led the researchers to introduce a methodology called transfer learning, which utilizes existing data in situations where there are difficulties in collecting new annotated data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Abolfazl Farahani , Behrouz Pourshojae , Khaled Rasheed , Hamid R. Arabnia

Machine learning models used in medical applications often face challenges due to the covariate shift, which occurs when there are discrepancies between the distributions of training and target data. This can lead to decreased predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Mingyang Cai , Thomas Klausch , Mark A. van de Wiel

Decisions made by machine learning systems have increasing influence on the world, yet it is common for machine learning algorithms to assume that no such influence exists. An example is the use of the i.i.d. assumption in content…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 David Krueger , Tegan Maharaj , Jan Leike

Recent work of Klivans, Stavropoulos, and Vasilyan initiated the study of testable learning with distribution shift (TDS learning), where a learner is given labeled samples from training distribution $\mathcal{D}$, unlabeled samples from…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Adam R. Klivans , Konstantinos Stavropoulos , Arsen Vasilyan

Distributionally robust policy learning aims to find a policy that performs well under the worst-case distributional shift, and yet most existing methods for robust policy learning consider the worst-case joint distribution of the covariate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyuan Wang , Zhimei Ren , Ruohan Zhan , Zhengyuan Zhou

Meta-reinforcement learning algorithms provide a data-driven way to acquire policies that quickly adapt to many tasks with varying rewards or dynamics functions. However, learned meta-policies are often effective only on the exact task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Anurag Ajay , Abhishek Gupta , Dibya Ghosh , Sergey Levine , Pulkit Agrawal

Machine learning models are often trained on data from one distribution and deployed on others. So it becomes important to design models that are robust to distribution shifts. Most of the existing work focuses on optimizing for either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Harvineet Singh , Shalmali Joshi , Finale Doshi-Velez , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Model-based offline reinforcement learning trains policies using pre-collected datasets and learned environment models, eliminating the need for direct real-world environment interaction. However, this paradigm is inherently challenged by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Wang Luo , Haoran Li , Zicheng Zhang , Congying Han , Chi Zhou , Jiayu Lv , Tiande Guo

Covariate shift is a common transfer learning scenario where the marginal distributions of input variables vary between source and target data while the conditional distribution of the output variable remains consistent. The existing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Petr Zamolodtchikov , Hanyuan Hang

In deep multi-task learning, weights of task-specific networks are shared between tasks to improve performance on each single one. Since the question, which weights to share between layers, is difficult to answer, human-designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Jonas Prellberg , Oliver Kramer