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To improve the robustness of transformer neural networks used for temporal-dynamics prediction of chaotic systems, we propose a novel attention mechanism called easy attention which we demonstrate in time-series reconstruction and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Marcial Sanchis-Agudo , Yuning Wang , Roger Arnau , Luca Guastoni , Jasmin Lim , Karthik Duraisamy , Ricardo Vinuesa

Linear attention offers a computationally efficient yet expressive alternative to softmax attention. However, recent empirical results indicate that the hidden state of trained linear attention models often exhibits a low-rank structure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Philipp Nazari , T. Konstantin Rusch

Learned top-K search is a promising approach for serving vector queries with both high accuracy and performance. However, current models trained for a specific K value fail to generalize to real-world multi-K queries: they suffer from…

The high memory demands of the Key-Value (KV) Cache during the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) severely restrict their deployment in resource-constrained platforms. Quantization can effectively alleviate the memory pressure caused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fei Li , Song Liu , Weiguo Wu , Shiqiang Nie , Jinyu Wang

Converting pretrained attention modules such as grouped-query attention (GQA) into multi-head latent attention (MLA) can improve expressivity without increasing KV-cache cost, making it attractive for efficient inference. However, many…

Long-context models are essential for many applications but face inefficiencies in loading large KV caches during decoding. Prior methods enforce fixed token budgets for sparse attention, assuming a set number of tokens can approximate full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kan Zhu , Tian Tang , Qinyu Xu , Yile Gu , Zhichen Zeng , Rohan Kadekodi , Liangyu Zhao , Ang Li , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci

The attention mechanism is an important reason for the success of transformers. It relies on computing pairwise relations between tokens. To reduce the high computational cost of standard quadratic attention, linear attention has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hanno Ackermann , Hong Cai , Mohsen Ghafoorian , Amirhossein Habibian

Recent advances in large language models highlighted the excessive quadratic cost of self-attention. Despite the significant research efforts, subquadratic attention methods still suffer from inferior performance in practice. We hypothesize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Piotr Piękos , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have dominated computer vision for years, due to its ability in capturing locality and translation invariance. Recently, many vision transformer architectures have been proposed and they show promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Pichao Wang , Xue Wang , Fan Wang , Ming Lin , Shuning Chang , Hao Li , Rong Jin

Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA), introduced in DeepSeek-V2, improves the efficiency of large language models by projecting query, key, and value tensors into a compact latent space. This architectural change reduces the KV-cache size and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Robin Geens , Marian Verhelst

Transformer-based QA models use input-wide self-attention -- i.e. across both the question and the input passage -- at all layers, causing them to be slow and memory-intensive. It turns out that we can get by without input-wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Qingqing Cao , Harsh Trivedi , Aruna Balasubramanian , Niranjan Balasubramanian

Transformer models are computationally costly on long sequences since regular attention has quadratic $O(n^2)$ time complexity. We introduce Wavelet-Enhanced Random Spectral Attention (WERSA), a novel mechanism of linear $O(n)$ time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Vincenzo Dentamaro

The inference process for large language models is slow and memory-intensive, with one of the most critical bottlenecks being excessive Key-Value (KV) cache accesses. This paper introduces "Double Sparsity," a novel post-training sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shuo Yang , Ying Sheng , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Lianmin Zheng

This is a project report about how we tune Focus[1], a video inference system that provides low cost and low latency, through two phases. In this report, we will decrease the query time by saving the middle layer output of the neural…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Mingren Shen , Shuoxuan Dong , Xiuyuan He

Attention mechanisms, particularly softmax attention, have been instrumental in the success of transformer-based models such as GPT. However, the quadratic memory complexity of softmax attention with respect to sequence length poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Gabriel Mongaras , Trevor Dohm , Eric C. Larson

KV cache techniques in Transformer models aim to reduce redundant computations at the expense of substantially increased memory usage, making KV cache compression an important and popular research topic. Recently, state-of-the-art KV cache…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Bingzhe Zhao , Ke Cheng , Aomufei Yuan , Yuxuan Tian , Ruiguang Zhong , Chengchen Hu , Tong Yang , Lian Yu

Visual question answering (VQA) has witnessed great progress since May, 2015 as a classic problem unifying visual and textual data into a system. Many enlightening VQA works explore deep into the image and question encodings and fusing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Yuetan Lin , Zhangyang Pang , Donghui Wang , Yueting Zhuang

Vector search, the task of finding the k-nearest neighbors of a query vector against a database of high-dimensional vectors, underpins many machine learning applications, including retrieval-augmented generation, recommendation systems, and…

Many efficient $\textit{approximate}$ self-attention techniques have become prevalent since the inception of the transformer architecture. Two popular classes of these techniques are low-rank and kernel methods. Each of these methods has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ahan Gupta , Hao Guo , Yueming Yuan , Yanqi Zhou , Charith Mendis

Efficient long-sequence generation is a critical challenge for Large Language Models. While recent sparse decoding methods improve efficiency, they suffer from KV cache misalignment, where approximation errors accumulate and degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yutao Sun , Tianzhu Ye , Li Dong , Yuqing Xia , Jian Chen , Yizhao Gao , Shijie Cao , Jianyong Wang , Furu Wei