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Rampant use of offensive language on social media led to recent efforts on automatic identification of such language. Though offensive language has general characteristics, attacks on specific entities may exhibit distinct phenomena such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Hamdy Mubarak , Ahmed Abdelali , Kareem Darwish , Younes Samih

This paper introduces a method for detecting inappropriately targeting language in online conversations by integrating crowd and expert annotations with ChatGPT. We focus on English conversation threads from Reddit, examining comments that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Baran Barbarestani , Isa Maks , Piek Vossen

Given the democratic nature of open source development, code review and issue discussions may be uncivil. Incivility, defined as features of discussion that convey an unnecessarily disrespectful tone, can have negative consequences to open…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Isabella Ferreira , Ahlaam Rafiq , Jinghui Cheng

This study evaluates the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an advanced AI model for natural language processing, in identifying targeting and inappropriate language in online comments. With the increasing challenge of moderating vast volumes of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Barbarestani Baran , Maks Isa , Vossen Piek

This research introduces the first large-scale, well-balanced Persian social media text classification dataset, specifically designed to address the lack of comprehensive resources in this domain. The dataset comprises 36,000 posts across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Isun Chehreh , Ebrahim Ansari

Online presence on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter has become a daily habit for internet users. Despite the vast amount of services the platforms offer for their users, users suffer from cyber-bullying, which further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Ahmad Shapiro , Ayman Khalafallah , Marwan Torki

Social media platforms are used by a large number of people prominently to express their thoughts and opinions. However, these platforms have contributed to a substantial amount of hateful and abusive content as well. Therefore, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Abhishek Velankar , Hrushikesh Patil , Amol Gore , Shubham Salunke , Raviraj Joshi

Research on evaluating and analyzing large language models (LLMs) has been extensive for resource-rich languages such as English, yet their performance in languages such as Persian has received considerably less attention. This paper…

Academic researchers and social media entities grappling with the identification of hate speech face significant challenges, primarily due to the vast scale of data and the dynamic nature of hate speech. Given the ethical and practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dengyi Liu , Minghao Wang , Andrew G. Catlin

The problem of online offensive language limits the health and security of online users. It is essential to apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in developing a system to detect online offensive language and to ensure social justice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Fatemah Husain , Ozlem Uzuner

The ability to quantify incivility online, in news and in congressional debates, is of great interest to political scientists. Computational tools for detecting online incivility for English are now fairly accessible and potentially could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Anushree Hede , Oshin Agarwal , Linda Lu , Diana C. Mutz , Ani Nenkova

Communicating through social platforms has become one of the principal means of personal communications and interactions. Unfortunately, healthy communication is often interfered by offensive language that can have damaging effects on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yasser Otiefy , Ahmed Abdelmalek , Islam El Hosary

Algorithms are widely applied to detect hate speech and abusive language in social media. We investigated whether the human-annotated data used to train these algorithms are biased. We utilized a publicly available annotated Twitter dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Jae Yeon Kim , Carlos Ortiz , Sarah Nam , Sarah Santiago , Vivek Datta

User-generated replies to hate speech are promising means to combat hatred, but questions about whether they can stop incivility in follow-up conversations linger. We argue that effective replies stop incivility from emerging in follow-up…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Xinchen Yu , Eduardo Blanco , Lingzi Hong

Despite impressive multilingual capabilities, large language models (LLMs) remain poorly evaluated on literary knowledge in non-English languages. We introduce PersLitEval, a benchmark of 4,514 Persian literature multiple-choice questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ruhallah Niazi , Faeze Ghorbanpour , Alexander Fraser

Detecting and classifying instances of hate in social media text has been a problem of interest in Natural Language Processing in the recent years. Our work leverages state of the art Transformer language models to identify hate speech in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sayar Ghosh Roy , Ujwal Narayan , Tathagata Raha , Zubair Abid , Vasudeva Varma

Detecting hateful content is a challenging and important problem. Automated tools, like machine-learning models, can help, but they require continuous training to adapt to the ever-changing landscape of social media. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jay Patel , Hrudayangam Mehta , Jeremy Blackburn

The automatic identification of offensive language such as hate speech is important to keep discussions civil in online communities. Identifying hate speech in multimodal content is a particularly challenging task because offensiveness can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Amrita Ganguly , Al Nahian Bin Emran , Sadiya Sayara Chowdhury Puspo , Md Nishat Raihan , Dhiman Goswami , Marcos Zampieri

The rapid growth of social media in recent years has fed into some highly undesirable phenomena such as proliferation of abusive and offensive language on the Internet. Previous research suggests that such hateful content tends to come from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Pushkar Mishra , Marco Del Tredici , Helen Yannakoudakis , Ekaterina Shutova

Iran, along with China, South Korea, and Italy was among the countries that were hit hard in the first wave of the COVID-19 spread. Twitter is one of the widely-used online platforms by Iranians inside and abroad for sharing their opinion,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Pedram Hosseini , Poorya Hosseini , David A. Broniatowski