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Traditionally, a debate usually requires a manual preparation process, including reading plenty of articles, selecting the claims, identifying the stances of the claims, seeking the evidence for the claims, etc. As the AI debate attracts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Liying Cheng , Lidong Bing , Ruidan He , Qian Yu , Yan Zhang , Luo Si

We examine the power of silent constant-space probabilistic verifiers that watch asymmetric debates (where one side is unable to see some of the messages of the other) between two deterministic provers, and try to determine who is right. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-09-25 H. Gökalp Demirci , A. C. Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

In this paper, we introduce a new fraud-proof algorithm that offers an unprecedented combination of decentralization, security, and liveness. The resources that must be mobilized by an honest participant to defeat an adversary grow only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Diego Nehab , Gabriel Coutinho de Paula , Augusto Teixeira

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains challenging due to inconsistency, bias, and the absence of transparent decision criteria in automated judging. We present Debate, Deliberate, Decide (D3), a cost-aware, adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Abir Harrasse , Chaithanya Bandi , Hari Bandi

The use of language-model-based question-answering systems to aid humans in completing difficult tasks is limited, in part, by the unreliability of the text these systems generate. Using hard multiple-choice reading comprehension questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Alicia Parrish , Harsh Trivedi , Nikita Nangia , Vishakh Padmakumar , Jason Phang , Amanpreet Singh Saimbhi , Samuel R. Bowman

Argumentative dialogues across political divides can reduce polarization, yet opportunities for citizens to engage with opposing views in accessible and structured ways remain limited. AI dialogue partners offer a scalable framework for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jianlong Zhu , Syed Muhammad Jhon Raza Naqvi , Carolin-Theresa Ziemer , Usman Naseem , Ingmar Weber

Politeness is a core dimension of human communication, yet its role in human-AI information seeking remains underexplored. We investigate how user politeness behaviour shapes conversational outcomes in a cooking-assistance setting. First,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-16 David Elsweiler , Christine Elsweiler , Anna Ziegner

Equipping agents with the capacity to justify made decisions using supporting evidence represents a cornerstone of accountable decision-making. Furthermore, ensuring that justifications are in line with human expectations and societal norms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Aleksa Sukovic , Goran Radanovic

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in high-stakes decision-making increases, the ability to contest such decisions is being recognised in AI ethics guidelines as an important safeguard for individuals. Yet, there is little guidance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Henrietta Lyons , Eduardo Velloso , Tim Miller

Engaging learners in dialogue around controversial issues is essential for examining diverse values and perspectives in pluralistic societies. While prior research has identified productive discussion moves mainly in STEM-oriented contexts,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Kyuwon Kim , Jeanhee Lee , Sung-Eun Kim , Hyo-Jeong So

An optimal delivery of arguments is key to persuasion in any debate, both for humans and for AI systems. This requires the use of clear and fluent claims relevant to the given debate. Prior work has studied the automatic assessment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Gabriella Skitalinskaya , Maximilian Spliethöver , Henning Wachsmuth

Project Debater was revealed in 2019 as the first AI system that can debate human experts on complex topics. Engaging in a live debate requires a diverse set of skills, and Project Debater has been developed accordingly as a collection of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Roy Bar-Haim , Yoav Kantor , Elad Venezian , Yoav Katz , Noam Slonim

Defeasible argumentation has experienced a considerable growth in AI in the last decade. Theoretical results have been combined with development of practical applications in AI & Law, Case-Based Reasoning and various knowledge-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Carlos Iván Chesñevar , Guillermo Ricardo Simari , Alejandro Javier García

We describe an asynchronous algorithm to solve secure multiparty computation (MPC) over n players, when strictly less than a 1/8 fraction of the players are controlled by a static adversary. For any function f over a field that can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-15 Varsha Dani , Valerie King , Mahnush Movahedi , Jared Saia

We introduce a formal notion of defendability against backdoors using a game between an attacker and a defender. In this game, the attacker modifies a function to behave differently on a particular input known as the "trigger", while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Paul Christiano , Jacob Hilton , Victor Lecomte , Mark Xu

We consider problems that can be solved by asking certain queries. The deterministic query complexity $D(P,n)$ of a problem $P$ is the smallest number of queries needed to ask in order to find the solution with an input of size $n$ (in the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Dániel Gerbner

Scalability problems in programmable blockchains have created a strong demand for secure methods that move the bulk of computation outside the blockchain. One of the preferred solutions to this problem involves off-chain computers that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Diego Nehab , Augusto Teixeira

Classroom debates are a unique form of collaborative learning characterized by fast-paced, high-intensity interactions that foster critical thinking and teamwork. Despite the recognized importance of debates, the role of AI tools,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zihan Zhang , Black Sun , Pengcheng An

Negotiations are a formalism for describing multiparty distributed cooperation. Alternatively, they can be seen as a model of concurrency with synchronized choice as communication primitive. Well-designed negotiations must be sound, meaning…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Javier Esparza , Denis Kuperberg , Anca Muscholl , Igor Walukiewicz

While multi-agent debate has been proposed as a promising strategy for improving AI reasoning ability, we find that debate can sometimes be harmful rather than helpful. Prior work has primarily focused on debates within homogeneous groups…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Wynn , Harsh Satija , Gillian Hadfield