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This paper presents an approach for accelerated learning of optimal plans for a given task represented using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) in multi-agent systems. Given a set of options (temporally abstract actions) available to each agent,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Nishant Doshi

In cooperative multi-agent systems, agents jointly take actions and receive a team reward instead of individual rewards. In the absence of individual reward signals, credit assignment mechanisms are usually introduced to discriminate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Jian Zhao , Yue Zhang , Xunhan Hu , Weixun Wang , Wengang Zhou , Jianye Hao , Jiangcheng Zhu , Houqiang Li

In this paper, we study the cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems using Reward Machines (RMs) to specify the reward functions such that the prior knowledge of high-level events in a task can be leveraged to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xuejing Zheng , Chao Yu

In tabular multi-agent reinforcement learning with average-cost criterion, a team of agents sequentially interacts with the environment and observes local incentives. We focus on the case that the global reward is a sum of local rewards,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Alec Koppel , Amrit Singh Bedi , Bhargav Ganguly , Vaneet Aggarwal

The necessity for cooperation among intelligent machines has popularised cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in AI research. However, many research endeavours heavily rely on parameter sharing among agents, which confines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yifan Zhong , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Xidong Feng , Siyi Hu , Jiaming Ji , Yaodong Yang

There is a recent trend of applying multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to train an agent that can cooperate with humans in a zero-shot fashion without using any human data. The typical workflow is to first repeatedly run self-play…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Weilin Liu , Botian Xu , Hao Tang , Jiaqi Yang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

While deep reinforcement learning techniques have led to agents that are successfully able to learn to perform a number of tasks that had been previously unlearnable, these techniques are still susceptible to the longstanding problem of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Nicholas Waytowich , Sean L. Barton , Vernon Lawhern , Garrett Warnell

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to learn effective multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets, which is an important step toward the deployment of multi-agent systems in real-world applications. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Qi Tian , Kun Kuang , Furui Liu , Baoxiang Wang

A challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is minimizing the cost of sampling associated with exploration. Distributed exploration reduces sampling complexity in multi-agent RL (MARL). We investigate the benefits to performance in MARL when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Justin Lidard , Udari Madhushani , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), it is challenging for a collection of agents to learn complex temporally extended tasks. The difficulties lie in computational complexity and how to learn the high-level ideas behind reward…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Jueming Hu , Zhe Xu , Weichang Wang , Guannan Qu , Yutian Pang , Yongming Liu

One approach for improving sample efficiency in cooperative multi-agent learning is to decompose overall tasks into sub-tasks that can be assigned to individual agents. We study this problem in the context of reward machines: symbolic tasks…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ameesh Shah , Niklas Lauffer , Thomas Chen , Nikhil Pitta , Sanjit A. Seshia

We present CRM (Multi-Agent Collaborative Reward Model), a framework that replaces a single black-box reward model with a coordinated team of specialist evaluators to improve robustness and interpretability in RLHF. Conventional reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Pei Yang , Ke Zhang , Ji Wang , Xiao Chen , Yuxin Tang , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Bill Shi

The increasing complexity of foundational models underscores the necessity for explainability, particularly for fine-tuning, the most widely used training method for adapting models to downstream tasks. Instance attribution, one type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jingtan Wang , Xiaoqiang Lin , Rui Qiao , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long-form tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ziyou Hu , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Haitao Li , Teng Sun , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in systems that retrieve and summarize content from multiple sources, such as search engines and AI assistants. While these systems enhance user experience through coherent summaries, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zikun Ye , Hema Yoganarasimhan

We present a novel multi-agent RL approach, Selective Multi-Agent Prioritized Experience Relay, in which agents share with other agents a limited number of transitions they observe during training. The intuition behind this is that even a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Matthias Gerstgrasser , Tom Danino , Sarah Keren

Existing feature attribution methods like SHAP often suffer from global dependence, failing to capture true local model behavior. This paper introduces VARSHAP, a novel model-agnostic local feature attribution method which uses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mateusz Gajewski , Mikołaj Morzy , Adam Karczmarz , Piotr Sankowski

We discuss the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in this work. In our setting, the global state, action, and reward are assumed to be fully observable, while the local policy is protected as privacy by each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Kuo Li , Qing-Shan Jia

Multi-agent reinforcement learning holds the key for solving complex tasks that demand the coordination of learning agents. However, strong coordination often leads to expensive exploration over the exponentially large state-action space. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Dung Nguyen , Phuoc Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

Reward shaping is a technique in reinforcement learning that addresses the sparse-reward problem by providing more frequent and informative rewards. We introduce a self-adaptive and highly efficient reward shaping mechanism that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Haozhe Ma , Zhengding Luo , Thanh Vinh Vo , Kuankuan Sima , Tze-Yun Leong
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