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Autonomous driving vehicles (ADVs) are implemented with rich software functions and equipped with many sensors, which in turn brings broad attack surface. Moreover, the execution environment of ADVs is often open and complex. Hence, ADVs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Kun Cheng , Yuebin Bai , Yuan Zhou , Chao Yu , Yang Liu

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are transforming the future of transportation through advances in intelligent perception, decision-making, and control systems. However, their success is tied to one core capability, reliable object detection in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Sayed Pedram Haeri Boroujeni , Niloufar Mehrabi , Hazim Alzorgan , Mahlagha Fazeli , Abolfazl Razi

For future human-autonomous vehicle (AV) interactions to be effective and smooth, human-aware systems that analyze and align human needs with automation decisions are essential. Achieving this requires systems that account for human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zahra Zahedi , Shashank Mehrotra , Teruhisa Misu , Kumar Akash

This research paper delves into the field of autonomous vehicle technology, examining the vulnerabilities inherent in each component of these transformative vehicles. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Ian Alexis Wong Paz , Anuvinda Balan , Sebastian Campos , Ehud Orenstain , Sudip Dhakal

Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Marc Kaufeld , Rainer Trauth , Johannes Betz

Autonomous systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in new vehicles. Due to their environmental friendliness and their remarkable capability to significantly enhance road safety, these vehicles have gained widespread recognition and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Reem Alhabib , Poonam Yadav

Automated driving functions (ADFs) have become increasingly popular in recent years. However, their safety must be assured. Thus, the verification and validation of these functions is still an important open issue in research and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Daniel Becker , Guido Küppers , Lutz Eckstein

Autonomous vehicles currently suffer from a time-inefficient driving style caused by uncertainty about human behavior in traffic interactions. Accurate and reliable prediction models enabling more efficient trajectory planning could make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Julian Frederik Schumann , Jens Kober , Arkady Zgonnikov

As vehicle systems become increasingly complex, with more features, services, sensors, actuators, and processing units, it is important to view vehicles not just as modes of transportation moving toward full autonomy, but also as adaptive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Pedro Veloso Teixeira , Duarte Raposo , Rui Lopes , Susana Sargento

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD). However, current performance evaluation protocols for VLM-based AD systems (ADVLMs) are predominantly confined to open-loop settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tianyuan Zhang , Ting Jin , Lu Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

In the rapidly evolving landscape of autonomous driving, the capability to accurately predict future events and assess their implications is paramount for both safety and efficiency, critically aiding the decision-making process. World…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Zhenning Li , Jia Hu , Runze Yuan , Yunjian Li , Guohui Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

With recent advances in computer vision, it appears that autonomous driving will be part of modern society sooner rather than later. However, there are still a significant number of concerns to address. Although modern computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Abdul Hannan Khan , Syed Tahseen Raza Rizvi , Andreas Dengel

Trajectory prediction serves as a critical functionality in autonomous driving, enabling the anticipation of future motion paths for traffic participants such as vehicles and pedestrians, which is essential for driving safety. Although…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wei Dai , Shengen Wu , Wei Wu , Zhenhao Wang , Sisuo Lyu , Haicheng Liao , Limin Yu , Weiping Ding , Runwei Guan , Yutao Yue

In recent years, we have witnessed significant progress in emerging deep learning models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs). These models have demonstrated promising results, indicating a new era of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Paola Natalia Cañas , Marcos Nieto , Oihana Otaegui , Igor Rodríguez

Deep learning-based Autonomous Driving (AD) models often exhibit poor generalization due to data heterogeneity in an ever domain-shifting environment. While Federated Learning (FL) could improve the generalization of an AD model (known as…

Heated debates continue over the best autonomous driving framework. The classic modular pipeline is widely adopted in the industry owing to its great interpretability and stability, whereas the fully end-to-end paradigm has demonstrated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Guan Wang , Haoyi Niu , Desheng Zhu , Jianming Hu , Xianyuan Zhan , Guyue Zhou

Foundation models have revolutionized artificial intelligence, setting new benchmarks in performance and enabling transformative capabilities across a wide range of vision and language tasks. However, despite the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Adam Goodge , Wee Siong Ng , Bryan Hooi , See Kiong Ng

Robotic foundation models (RFMs) are emerging as a promising route towards flexible, instruction- and demonstration-driven robot control, however, a critical investigation of their industrial applicability is still lacking. This survey…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 David Kube , Simon Hadwiger , Tobias Meisen

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to revolutionize modern transportation, offering enhanced safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, the increasing complexity and connectivity of AV systems introduce significant cybersecurity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Amal Yousseef , Shalaka Satam , Banafsheh Saber Latibari , Jesus Pacheco , Soheil Salehi , Salim Hariri , Partik Satam

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini