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Related papers: Noise Stability of Transformer Models

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Noise is ubiquitous in data used to train large language models, but it is not well understood whether these models are able to correctly generalize to inputs generated without noise. Here, we study noise-robust learning: are transformers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Evan Peters , Ando Deng , Matheus H. Zambianco , Devin Blankespoor , Achim Kempf

Consistency regularization is a commonly-used technique for semi-supervised and self-supervised learning. It is an auxiliary objective function that encourages the prediction of the network to be similar in the vicinity of the observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Erik Englesson , Hossein Azizpour

A first step is taken towards understanding often observed non-robustness phenomena of deep neural net (DNN) classifiers. This is done from the perspective of Boolean functions by asking if certain sequences of Boolean functions represented…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-21 Johan Jonasson , Jeffrey E. Steif , Olof Zetterqvist

Despite the widespread success of Transformers on NLP tasks, recent works have found that they struggle to model several formal languages when compared to recurrent models. This raises the question of why Transformers perform well in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Satwik Bhattamishra , Arkil Patel , Varun Kanade , Phil Blunsom

Uncertainty estimation for unlabeled data is crucial to active learning. With a deep neural network employed as the backbone model, the data selection process is highly challenging due to the potential over-confidence of the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xingjian Li , Pengkun Yang , Yangcheng Gu , Xueying Zhan , Tianyang Wang , Min Xu , Chengzhong Xu

The normalizing layer has become one of the basic configurations of deep learning models, but it still suffers from computational inefficiency, interpretability difficulties, and low generality. After gaining a deeper understanding of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Chang Liu , Yuwen Yang , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu

Prevalent semantic speech tokenizers, designed to capture linguistic content, are surprisingly fragile. We find they are not robust to meaning-irrelevant acoustic perturbations; even at high Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) where speech is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuhan Song , Linhao Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Aiwei Liu , Wei Jia , Houfeng Wang , Xiao Zhou

We provide a general framework for studying recurrent neural networks (RNNs) trained by injecting noise into hidden states. Specifically, we consider RNNs that can be viewed as discretizations of stochastic differential equations driven by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-02 Soon Hoe Lim , N. Benjamin Erichson , Liam Hodgkinson , Michael W. Mahoney

Uncertainty quantification is vital for decision-making and risk assessment in machine learning. Mean-variance regression models, which predict both a mean and residual noise for each data point, provide a simple approach to uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-01 Eliot Wong-Toi , Alex Boyd , Vincent Fortuin , Stephan Mandt

Recent articles indicate that deep neural networks are efficient models for various learning problems. However they are often highly sensitive to various changes that cannot be detected by an independent observer. As our understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Bálint Daróczy

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming integral components of real world services relied upon by millions of users. Unfortunately, architects of these systems can find it difficult to ensure reliable performance as irrelevant details like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Arghya Datta , Subhrangshu Nandi , Jingcheng Xu , Greg Ver Steeg , He Xie , Anoop Kumar , Aram Galstyan

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models such as BERT has become a common practice dominating leaderboards across various NLP tasks. Despite its recent success and wide adoption, this process is unstable when there are only a small number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Hang Hua , Xingjian Li , Dejing Dou , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Jiebo Luo

A widely used algorithm for transfer learning is fine-tuning, where a pre-trained model is fine-tuned on a target task with a small amount of labeled data. When the capacity of the pre-trained model is significantly larger than the size of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Dongyue Li , Hongyang R. Zhang

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable results across many language processing tasks, however these methods are highly sensitive to noise and adversarial attacks. We present a regularization based method for limiting network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Yitong Li , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin

Generalization is one of the fundamental issues in machine learning. However, traditional techniques like uniform convergence may be unable to explain generalization under overparameterization. As alternative approaches, techniques based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Jiaye Teng , Jianhao Ma , Yang Yuan

In addition to high accuracy, robustness is becoming increasingly important for machine learning models in various applications. Recently, much research has been devoted to improving the model robustness by training with noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Kun-Peng Ning , Lue Tao , Songcan Chen , Sheng-Jun Huang

Consistency training regularizes a model by enforcing predictions of original and perturbed inputs to be similar. Previous studies have proposed various augmentation methods for the perturbation but are limited in that they are agnostic to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Jungsoo Park , Gyuwan Kim , Jaewoo Kang

In this paper we address the issue of output instability of deep neural networks: small perturbations in the visual input can significantly distort the feature embeddings and output of a neural network. Such instability affects many deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Stephan Zheng , Yang Song , Thomas Leung , Ian Goodfellow

Regularization is a core component of modern inverse problems, as it helps establish the well-posedness of the solution of interest. Popular regularization approaches include variational regularization and iterative regularization. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Jie Gao , Cesare Molinari , Silvia Villa , Jingwei Liang

We discuss stability for a class of learning algorithms with respect to noisy labels. The algorithms we consider are for regression, and they involve the minimization of regularized risk functionals, such as L(f) := 1/N sum_i…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Cynthia Rudin
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